Biologie et écologie de la tique Amblyomma variegatum (Acarina : Ixodina) en Guadeloupe (Antilles Françaises)

Barré Nicolas. 1989. Biologie et écologie de la tique Amblyomma variegatum (Acarina : Ixodina) en Guadeloupe (Antilles Françaises). Maisons-Alfort : CIRAD-IEMVT, 268 p. Thèse de doctorat : Sciences : Université de Paris-Sud

Autre titre : Biology and ecology of the tick Amblyomma variegatum (Acarina : Ixodina) in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)

Matériel d'accompagnement : 1 micro-fiche numéro VT890140

Résumé : La tique A. variegatum, originaire d'Afrique, a été introduite aux Antilles il y a 150 ans. En Guadeloupe, elle est vectrice de la cowdriose et est associée à la dermatophilose. C'est essentiellement une tique des herbivores mais le chien a été trouvé porteur d'adultes. Les petits mammifères sauvages et les oiseaux, en particulier le héron garde-boeufs sont infestés par les immatures. Le comportement alimentaire des tiques et les conditions favorables à leur développement (hygrométrie, température) sont étudiés. Les adultes libres peuvent rester vivants jusqu'à 23 mois dans le milieu extérieur. Du fait d'une maturité sexuelle tardive et malgré une forte fécondité individuelle, l'espèce a un potentiel d'accroissement et de diffusion relativement réduit. Elle pourrait cependant s'établir dans les Grandes Antilles et sur le continent, du centre du Mexique au sud du Brésil

Résumé (autre langue) : The Tropical Bont Tick, A. variegatum, has been introduced from Africa into the Caribbean, 150 years ago. The tick transmits heartwater and is associated with dermatophilosis, two diseases of ruminants which, in addition with its direct pathogenic effect makes the tick control a necessity. It is primarily a parasite of large herbivorous, but dogs have been found infested with adults. Small wild mammals and birds are infested with immatures, making of the latters and especially the cattle egret, potential disseminating agents of the tick. The engorgment of females needs an average of 9.2 days ; it is shorter for larvae (7.4 d) and nymphs (6 d). Females attach on the host only if males are already attached and produce pheromones. The age of the ticks, abundance on the host, hosts species, and repeated infestation have little effects on the characteristics of the engorgment. Engorged ticks detached from the host look for a shelter on_ the soil surface to accomplish their molt or laying. The kinetic of these events, closely related with temperature and humidity conditions is described. In the areas of livestock production of Guadeloupe, which are localized at low or medium altitudes, the hygrometric conditions are everywhere and always favorables to the tick development. The tick can't stand the excess of water (over 6 mm/day) of sun radiation, and of temperature (over 30°C). Its development ceases around 15°C. At each season and nearly in all the rearing areas in Guadeloupe, the thermal conditions are suitable for the completion of the tick cycle. A decrease of the parasite populations is observed in january, at a period of short days and relatively cold temperatures. It corresponds to a partial diapause of adults poorly activated in these conditons by hosts stimuli (including CO2). Free adults may survive 23 months in the fields. Due to a late sexual maturity, and despite a high individual fecundity, the potential of increase and the dispersion power of the population is quite low. However the tick may possibly establish in the Great Antilles and on the mainland, from the Center of Mexico to the South of Brazil. The difficulties encountered to obtain its eradication from the Caribbean focus if this strategy had been decided, appear to be more of socio-economic nature than due to technic and biologie contraints.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Ixodidae, Amblyomma variegatum, biologie, écologie, facteur du milieu, température de l'air, écologie animale

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Guadeloupe, Caraïbes, Antilles françaises, France

Mots-clés complémentaires : Répartition géographique

Classification Agris : L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux
L73 - Maladies des animaux
L20 - Écologie animale

Auteurs et affiliations

• Barré Nicolas

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/318608/)

Métriques

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