Gas exchange and carbon allocation of oil palm seedlings submitted to waterlogging in interaction with N fertilizer application

Lamade Emmanuelle, Setiyo Indra Eko, Purba Abdul Razak. 1998. Gas exchange and carbon allocation of oil palm seedlings submitted to waterlogging in interaction with N fertilizer application. In : Proceedings of the IOPRI international oil palm conference: Commodity of the past, today, and the future, Bali, 23-25 september 1998. IOPRI. Medan : IOPRI, 573-584. International Oil Palm Conference, Bali, Indonésie, 23 Septembre 1998/25 Septembre 1998.

Autre titre : Echanges gazeux et affectation du carbone chez des plantules de palmier à huile soumises en même temps à un engorgement du sol et un apport d'engrais azoté

Résumé : A la station de recherche de Marihat de l'IOPRI, des plantules de palmier à huile ont été soumises durant 4 mois à différents apports d'eau et d'engrais azoté afin de comprendre comment les fortes pluies peuvent produire l'hypoxie au niveau des racines, et comment l'engorgement du sol peut interférer avec l'application d'engrais. Les paramètres physiologiques mesurés ont été les taux de photosynthèse et de transpiration foliaires, la conductance stomatique, en relation avec des paramètres biométriques comme l'indice de surface foliaire, la biomasse aérienne et souterraine, ainsi que l'azote foliaire

Résumé (autre langue) : In some areas of North Sumatra, rainfall may be as much as 3000 mm and depending on the soil, palm trees sometimes experienced temporary seasonnal flooding. Somes oil palm plantations are situated in constantly muddy places: soil waterlogging leads to important carbon metabolism disfunctioning and may affect the yield. The fertilizer application will not be as efficient as expected due to important root hypoxia. In Marihat Research Station (IOPRI) oil palm seedlings (commercial D x P) have been submitted during 4 months to different water and nitrogen supplies in order to explain, how heavy rain may produce soil hypoxia at root level, and how waterlogging may interfere with fertilizer application. Seedlings have been submitted to 3 different water treatments (L for Low: control, M for Medium: partially flooded, H for High: completely flooded) and in each "water treatment" 2 levels of nitrogen fertilizer (NO: no fertilizer; N1: 35 g of 12/12/17/2 + TE NPK twice a month; N2 : 3 x 35 g of 1/12/17/2 + TE NP K twice a month) have been applied. Leaf photosynthesis of each tree has been measured on leaf 4 with the new portable analyzer LCA4 (ADC, England). The leaf transpiration and the stomatal conductance have been measured, with the same experimental design as photosynthesis, with the steady state parameter 1600 (Li-Car, USA). At the end of the experiment the leaf area was determined by both classical method (IRHO) and with the PCA-LAI 2000 (Li-Car, USA). Above ground and below ground biomass were determined for each tree at the end of the experiment. Leaf nitrogen analysis was done before starting the experiment and at the end to control the nutrient status of each tree. Concerning the leaf photosynthesis and transpiration rate which is, for these oil palm seedlings quite low compared to the Indonesian potential value, results pointed out a strong effect due to the water level: lowest rates (NP net photosynthesis rate) = 1.33 mumol m-2 s-1; TR(transpiration rate)=5.56 mug cm-2 s-1) are found for pots submitted to complete flooding whereas highest rates (NP=2.77 mumol m-2 s-1; TR=7.04 mug cm-2 s-1) is clearly observed for the pots under field capacity level treatment. Nitrogen application is clearly affected by the water leve : for the same nitrogen treatment, differences (tendency but no significant test due to a very high pots effect on the results) may be highlighted between low water level (NP= 4.18 mumol m-2 s-1; TR=7.58 mug.cm-2 s-1) and the completely flooded one (NP=l.63 mumol m-2s-1; TR=5.09 mug cm-2 s-1). Carbon allocation is significantly affected by the water treatment. Very clear results are found with the root biomass. When seedlings are subtmitted to complete flooding, there is a strong significant decrease of the fine root (roots III and roots IV) production. The results showed that the leaflet biomass and the rachis biomass between High (strong decrease of.the biomass production) and Low water treatment were significantly different. Nitrogen gain (in %) in each seedling based on nitrogen leaf content analysis pointed out an important lack of efficiency towards nitrogen uptake by the roots due to hypoxia phenomena.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Elaeis guineensis, Engorgement du sol, anoxie, système racinaire, échange gazeux, photosynthèse, mesure (activité), méthode, réponse de la plante, stomate, métabolisme, fertilisation, relation plante sol, indice de surface foliaire, transpiration, biomasse, teneur en azote

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Sumatra, Indonésie

Classification Agris : F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition
F04 - Fertilisation

Auteurs et affiliations

• Lamade Emmanuelle, CIRAD-CP-PALMIER (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-4909-0997
• Setiyo Indra Eko
• Purba Abdul Razak

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/390463/)

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