Zelensky G.L., Los G.D., Stipidi N.N., Treyakov A.R..
2002. Rice gene pool of Russia and its use in breeding.
In : Rice genetic resources and breeding for Europe and other temperate areas : proceedings of Eurorice 2001 Symposium, Cirad, Ird, Ksau, Krasnodar Territory, Vniirisa, September, 3-8, 2001, Krasnodar, Russia. CIRAD, IRD, KSAU, Krasnodar
Résumé : Practically in all countries where rice breeding programs are carried out there are banks of rice germplasm. The most comprehensive rice collection belongs to the International Rice Research Institute (the Philippines). Since in many breeding institutions there are working collections, rice germplasm collection at VIR received the status of the world collection. The best samples of the rice world collection are part of the VNIIR working collection. It should be mentioned that foreign varieties are used by VNIIR rice breeders as sources of such features as short stem, long grain, high grain quality, resistance to pests and diseases, unfavorable climatic conditions. As a rule rice breeders of other countries inform VNIIR on the evaluation results of the shared rice samples under different climatic conditions. Rice plant reaction to high rates of nitrogen fertilizers is defined. Processing of rice grain under laboratory conditions allows to evaluate output of whole grain, vitrosity, resistance to dehulling, cracking, size and form of grain, weight of 1,000 grains. There are over 200 samples with these features in the collection. The number of high yielding varieties in the working collection constantly grows as a result of breeding programs. The best samples combining high degree of salt resistance and other valuable agronomic features are recommended for breeding programs. All collection samples have to be evaluated for resistance to blast. In the world crop science rice varieties are classified into plants with long, medium and short grains. The majority of commercial rice varieties are Japonica and belong to shortgrained varieties. The first long-grained rice variety (l/b - 3.3) was commercialized in Russia in 1996. Creation of high quality rice varieties and in particular with long grain, has a number of difficulties. There are no early maturing rice Indica forms in our collection with vegetation period of 100 - 110 days. It leads to specialized breeding programs to produce such samples. Up to date the Russian rice collection possesses a considerable number of samples meeting the requirements of grain quality. The rice breeders are in constant search for rice samples with maximum valuable characteristics. The database Rice Genetic Resources has been developed in order to improve search for necessary agronomic features, parent couples, keep and treat information on collection material, compile breeding programs. A special list of features (classifier) including 50 traits forming this database is applied for the study of collection. Primary information received as a result of investigation of collection samples is becomes a part of the database. Thus hybridization is a reliable tool for plant breeder. Successful selection of parent forms,combined with skillful selection of elite plants allows obtaining rice varieties and forms with parameters planned in advance. Many of our varieties have been produced by method of multi-stage hybridization.
Mots-clés Agrovoc : Oryza, banque de gènes, variété, banque de données, amélioration des plantes
Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Fédération de Russie
Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
Auteurs et affiliations
- Zelensky G.L., All Russia Rice Research Institute (RUS)
- Los G.D., All Russia Rice Research Institute (RUS)
- Stipidi N.N., All Russia Rice Research Institute (RUS)
- Treyakov A.R., All Russia Rice Research Institute (RUS)
Autres liens de la publication
Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/510105/)
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