Proliferation and germination of somatic embryos from embryogenic suspension cultures in Phoenix dactylifera

Zouine Jamila, El Bellaj Mounir, Meddich Abdelilah, Verdeil Jean-Luc, El Hadrami Ismaïl. 2005. Proliferation and germination of somatic embryos from embryogenic suspension cultures in Phoenix dactylifera. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 82 (1) : 83-92.

Résumé : The present study demonstrates a procedure for the rapid development of a high number of somatic embryos from embryogenic suspension culture. This method might be efficient for mass propagation of Ph nix dactylifera L. Embryogenic callus placed in liquid medium with 10-5 M ABA yielded an average 72 embryos per 100 ml of culture medium within 2 months, while those placed on solid medium yielded an average of 33, 20 and 16 embryos per 100 ml of culture medium respectively for 10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 M ABA after 4 months. The combination of 2,4-DIchlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (4.5 × 10-7 M), glutamine (6.7 × 10-4 M), and ABA (10-5 M) (L8 liquid medium) showed a beneficial effect on somatic embryos production compared to 2,4-<sc>D</sc> and glutamine alone, while this combination significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the accumulation of storage proteins (144 and 138 mg g-1 DW respectively for Jihel and Bousthami noir cultivars) in somatic embryos. The somatic embryos which underwent maturation on medium containing only 4.5 × 10-7 M 2,4-<sc>D</sc> and 10-5 M ABA (L6 liquid medium) accumulated more sugars (292 and 265 mg g-1 DW respectively for Jihel and Bousthami noir) than those matured on any other liquid medium. Histological studies revealed that somatic embryos (developed in L6 and L8 liquid media) accumulated less reserve compounds (proteins and sugars) than zygotic embryos. The addition of activated charcoal (0.25 and 0.5 g l-1) and phytagel® (2.5 g l-1) to the germination medium may be useful for enhancing the germination of Ph nix dactyliferasomatic embryos.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Embryogénèse somatique, Phoenix dactylifera, culture in vitro, culture d'embryon, milieu de culture, multiplication végétative, germination, maturation, lipide, protéine, glucide

Classification Agris : F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes
F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 1 (2005-2013) - Intensification écologique

Auteurs et affiliations

• Zouine Jamila, Université Cadi Ayyad (MAR)
• El Bellaj Mounir, Université Cadi Ayyad (MAR)
• Meddich Abdelilah, Université Cadi Ayyad (MAR)
• Verdeil Jean-Luc, CIRAD-AMIS-BIOTROP (FRA)
• El Hadrami Ismaïl, Université Cadi Ayyad (MAR)

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/542421/)

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