New approaches to select cultivars of banana with durable resistance to Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases

Abadie Catherine, Chilin-Charles Yolande, Huat Joël, Salmon Frédéric, Pignolet Luc, Carlier Jean, Lescot Thierry, Côte François-Xavier, Jenny Christophe. 2009. New approaches to select cultivars of banana with durable resistance to Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases. In : Proceedings of the international symposium on recent advances in banana crop protection for sustainable production and improved livelihoods, White River, South Africa, September 10-14, 2007. Jones David R. (ed.), Van den Bergh Inge (ed.). ISHS. Louvain : ISHS [Belgique], 171-178. (Acta Horticulturae, 828) ISBN 978-90-6605-488-2 International Symposium on recent advances in banana crop protection for sustainable production and improved livelihoods. 1, White River, Afrique du Sud, 10 Septembre 2007/14 Septembre 2007.

https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.828.17

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Résumé : Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases of banana caused by Mycosphaerella musicola (Sigatoka leaf spot, SLS) and M. fijiensis (black leaf streak, BLS) are very destructive. The cultivation of resistant banana clones appears to be the most appropriate means to combat disease because genetic resistance is usually more durable than chemical control. Since pathogen populations maintain a high level of genetic diversity and single gene resistances, such as is suspected in total or hypersensitive resistance situations, are easily overcome, the phenomenon of "partial resistance", which may be multigenic and hence more durable, is used in CIRAD breeding programmes. New hybrids of banana developed by CIRAD are routinely selected for resistance against Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases. There are four steps in the evaluation process. Firstly, the level of resistance to M. musicola is assessed under field conditions in Guadeloupe. Secondly, the most resistant hybrids are selected for detached-leaf resistance tests to M. musicola and M. fijiensis under controlled conditions. Thirdly, the efficacy of partial resistance of selected hybrids against M. musicola is confirmed in the field in the French West Indies and against M. fijiensis in the field in Mayotte. Finally, the durability of the hybrids' partial resistance is assessed by measuring disease severity in experimental plots for several years. This complete 4-steps process allows, through experimental approaches, to select banana cultivars with durable resistance against Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Musa, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Mycosphaerella musicola, maladie des raies noires

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Mayotte, Antilles françaises, France

Mots-clés complémentaires : Sigatoka

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
H20 - Maladies des plantes

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