Current applications of coffee (Coffea arabica) somatic embryogenesis for industrial propagation of elite heterozygous materials in Central America and Mexico

Etienne Hervé, Bertrand Benoît, Ribas Alessandra, Lashermes Philippe, Malo Eduardo, Montagnon Christophe, Alpizar Edgardo, Bobadilla R., Simpson J., Dechamp Eveline, Jourdan Isabelle, Georget Frederic. 2010. Current applications of coffee (Coffea arabica) somatic embryogenesis for industrial propagation of elite heterozygous materials in Central America and Mexico. In : Proceedings of the IUFRO Working Party 2.09.02: "Somatic Embryogenesis of Trees" conference on "Advances in Somatic Embryogenesis of Trees and Its Application for the Future Forests and Plantations", August 19-21, 2010, Suwon, Republic of Korea. Park Y.S. (ed.), Bonga J.M. (ed.), Park S.Y. (ed.), Moon H.K. (ed.). Vienne : IUFRO, 59-67. IUFRO Working Party 2.09.02 Somatic Embyogenesis of Forest Tree Conference, Suwon, Corée du Sud, 19 Août 2010/21 Août 2010.

Résumé : Of ail the possible micropropagation techniques, it is widely accepted that vegetative propagation by somatic embryogenesis is by far the most promising for rapid, large-scale dissemination of elite individuals. Yet, to date, examples of somatic embryogenesis processes applied on an industrial scale are very few and far between. There are many complications. They usually involve a major genotypic effect, particularly for obtaining embryogenic tissues, or are related to the quality of regenerated somatic embryos, the incidence of somaclonal variation and, more generally, a lack of reproducibility and efficiency at certain stages of the process, leading to production costs that are prohibitive. Research on coffee somatic embryogenesis began at the end of the 1970s at various institutes, including CIRAD. Between 1995 and 2001, CIRAD moved the technique forward from a research laboratory scale to a technique enabling industrial dissemination of extremely promising Coffea arabica F1 hybrids. Over that period, two technological innovations made technology transfer economically feasible: mass production of somatic embryos in temporary immersion bioreactors and the possibility of sowing them directly in the nursery. At the same time, reassuring data were obtained on the genetic conformity of regenerated plants (somaclonal variation frequency < 3%). In 2002, in partnership with the ECOM group, CIRAD decided to transfer the somatic embryogenesis method on an industrial scale to Central America so that four Arabica hybrid clones, that were selected for agroforestry-based farming systems, could be disseminated throughout that part of the world. This article describes the different stages and the difficulties we had to overcome before successful technology transfer could occur in 2010. . It describes one of the first examples of somatic embryogenesis technology applied on a commercial scale. Keywords: Somatic embryogenesis, micropropagation, technological transfer, coffee tree, production costs, clonai conformity, somaclonal variations, in vitro plantlet, nursery.

Classification Agris : F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Etienne Hervé, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR RPB (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-6208-9982
• Bertrand Benoît ORCID: 0000-0003-1969-3479
• Ribas Alessandra, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR RPB (FRA)
• Lashermes Philippe, IRD (FRA)
• Malo Eduardo, Ecom Coffee Group (NIC)
• Montagnon Christophe, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR RPB (MEX)
• Alpizar Edgardo, Ecom Coffee Group (NIC)
• Bobadilla R., Cinvestav (MEX)
• Simpson J., Cinvestav (MEX)
• Dechamp Eveline, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR RPB (FRA)
• Jourdan Isabelle, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR RPB (FRA)
• Georget Frederic, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR RPB (NIC)

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/562986/)

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