Eight years studying ecosystem services in a coffee agroforestry observatory. Practical applications for the stakeholders

Roupsard Olivier, Van Den Meersche Karel, Allinne Clémentine, Vaast Philippe, Rapidel Bruno, Avelino Jacques, Jourdan Christophe, Le Maire Guerric, Bonnefond Jean-Marc, Harmand Jean-Michel, Dauzat Jean, Albrecht Alain, Chevallier Tiphaine, Barthès Bernard, Clément-Vidal Anne, Gómez-Delgado Federico, Charbonnier Fabien, Benegas Laura, Welsh Kristen, Kinoshita Rintaro, Vezy Rémi, Perez Molina Junior, Kim John H., Taugourdeau Simon, Defrenet Elsa, Nespoulous Jérôme, Rançon Florian, Guidat Florian, Cambou Aurélie, Soma Maxime, Mages C., Schnabel Florian, Prieto Iván, Picart Delphine, Duthoit Maxime, Rocheteau Alain, Do Frédéric C., de Melo Virginio Filho Elias, Moussa Roger, Le Bissonnais Yves, Valentin C., Sánchez-Murillo Ricardo, Roumet Catherine, Stokes A., Vierling Lee A., Eitel Jan U.H., Dreyer Erwin, Saint-André L., Malmer Anders, Loustau Denis, Isaac Marney E., Martin A., Priemé A., Elberling Bo, Madsen Mikael, Robelo A., Robelo Diego, Borgonovo Carlos, Lehner Peter, Ramirez G., Jara Manuel, Acuna Vargas R., Barquero Aguilar Alejandra, Fonseca Carlos, Gay Frédéric. 2017. Eight years studying ecosystem services in a coffee agroforestry observatory. Practical applications for the stakeholders. , 11 p. World Coffee Summit, San Salvador, Salvador, 31 Mai 2017/3 Juin 2017.

Titre espagnol : Ocho años estudiando los servicios ecosistémicos en un observatorio agroforestal cafetalero. Aplicaciones prácticas para los agricultores

Note générale : Olivier Roupsard est l'expert invité du Cirad

Résumé : Eight years of monitoring ecophysiology and ecosystem services (ES) in a large coffee farm of Costa Rica yields a range of practical applications for the farmer and stakeholders, thanks to numerous scientific actors and disciplines contributing to our collaborative observatory (Coffee-Flux). • A lot of ecosystem services depend on the soil properties, such as runoff/infiltration, water and nutrient storage capacity. It is essential to relate hydrological and soil conservation services to the soil type, since this might have even more importance than the crop itself for ES. Regarding the use of fertilizer, we show that some soils may have a large storage capacity, allowing producing coffee at normal yields with just a reduced, or even a minimum amount of fertilizers, for instance when the economic conditions are unfavorable. Also, due to the soil variability within the farm, it is possible to adjust fertilization to micro-local conditions and reduce the total expenses and risks of leaching of N to the environment. VNIRS and MIR are promising broadband tools for screening the variability in soils. Adjusting N fertilizer to the optimum will also considerably reduce the N2O emissions and improve the GHG balance of the farm. • Pesticides-fongicides: we show that an adequate amount of shade trees allows reducing the severity of the whole complex of leaf diseases. This also should reduce expenses and impacts on the ecosystem. • Roots: a simple survey of basal area at collar allows estimating the belowground biomass and the average age of a plantation, to judge of its market value and to decide when to replace it. • Also starch plays a key role in the trophic equilibrium between the perennial parts of the coffee plant (aerial stump, belowground stump, coarse roots) and its ephemeral parts (resprout, leaves, fruits, fine roots). Coffee plants accumulate starch in the stumps by the end of the life of their resprout, as a strategy for survival. Breeding plants with less starch build-up capacity would probably allow increasing the fraction of productive years during the lifespan of the resprouts. • Coffee farms are probably much closer to C neutrality than currently admitted using the C-Neutrality protocol. We stress the prevailing role of coffee plants + litter + soil in the ecosystem C balance. If those are excluded from the calculations as done so far, coffee farms are GHG sources, by definition. We argue that either full assessments (as proposed here, at the ecosystem level, including trees, coffee, litter, soil and roots) or consensus on “sequestration factors” (the counterpart of emission factors) would allow performing a more realistic assessment of the GHG balance. • Finally, we bring new data confirming that shade trees offer numerous ecosystem services, when adequately managed for the local context. As compared to full sun conditions, they may (i) reduce laminar erosion by a factor of ca. 2, (ii) increase the atmospheric N2 fixation and the % of N recycled into the system, thus reducing the fertilizer requirements, (iii) reduce the severity of the leaf disease complex, (iv) increase C sequestration, (v) improve the microclimate, and (vi) be a large part of the solution to face climate changes. All this is possibly without negative effects on profitability or yield, if managed properly. In our particular case-study, we encount.

Classification Agris : F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture
K10 - Production forestière
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol
P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières

Auteurs et affiliations

• Roupsard Olivier, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Eco&Sols (SEN)
• Van Den Meersche Karel, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Eco&Sols (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-0866-7657
• Allinne Clémentine, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR SYSTEM (NIC)
• Vaast Philippe, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Eco&Sols (VNM)
• Rapidel Bruno, CIRAD-DG-Saurs (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0003-0288-5650
• Avelino Jacques, CIRAD-BIOS-UPR Bioagresseurs (CRI) ORCID: 0000-0003-1983-9431
• Jourdan Christophe, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Eco&Sols (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-9857-3269
• Le Maire Guerric, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Eco&Sols (BRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-5227-958X
• Bonnefond Jean-Marc, INRA (FRA)
• Harmand Jean-Michel, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Eco&Sols (CMR) ORCID: 0000-0002-8065-106X
• Dauzat Jean, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AMAP (FRA)
• Albrecht Alain, IRD (MDG)
• Chevallier Tiphaine, IRD (FRA)
• Barthès Bernard, IRD (FRA)
• Clément-Vidal Anne, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA)
• Gómez-Delgado Federico, ICE (CRI)
• Charbonnier Fabien, CATIE (CRI)
• Benegas Laura, CATIE (CRI)
• Welsh Kristen, University of Idaho (USA)
• Kinoshita Rintaro, CATIE (CRI)
• Vezy Rémi, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Eco&Sols (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-0808-1461
• Perez Molina Junior, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AMAP (FRA)
• Kim John H., INRA (FRA)
• Taugourdeau Simon, CIRAD-ES-UMR SELMET (SEN) ORCID: 0000-0001-6561-3228
• Defrenet Elsa, CATIE (CRI)
• Nespoulous Jérôme, INRA (FRA)
• Rançon Florian
• Guidat Florian
• Cambou Aurélie, IRD (FRA)
• Soma Maxime, AgroParisTech (FRA)
• Mages C., UCPH (DNK)
• Schnabel Florian, CATIE (CRI)
• Prieto Iván, CNRS (FRA)
• Picart Delphine, INRA (FRA)
• Duthoit Maxime, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Eco&Sols (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-5525-0937
• Rocheteau Alain, IRD (FRA)
• Do Frédéric C., IRD (FRA)
• de Melo Virginio Filho Elias, CATIE (CRI)
• Moussa Roger, INRA (FRA)
• Le Bissonnais Yves, INRA (FRA)
• Valentin C., IRD (FRA)
• Sánchez-Murillo Ricardo, UCR (CRI)
• Roumet Catherine, CNRS (FRA)
• Stokes A., CNRS (FRA)
• Vierling Lee A., University of Idaho (USA)
• Eitel Jan U.H., University of Idaho (USA)
• Dreyer Erwin, INRA (FRA)
• Saint-André L., INRA (FRA)
• Malmer Anders, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SWE)
• Loustau Denis, INRA (FRA)
• Isaac Marney E., Université de Toronto (CAN)
• Martin A.
• Priemé A., UCPH (DNK)
• Elberling Bo, UCPH (DNK)
• Madsen Mikael, UCPH (DNK)
• Robelo A.
• Robelo Diego, Cafetalera Aquiares (CRI)
• Borgonovo Carlos, Cafetalera Aquiares (CRI)
• Lehner Peter, Cafetalera Aquiares (CRI)
• Ramirez G., ICAFE (CRI)
• Jara Manuel, Cafetalera Aquiares (CRI)
• Acuna Vargas R., Cafetalera Aquiares (CRI)
• Barquero Aguilar Alejandra, Cafetalera Aquiares (CRI)
• Fonseca Carlos, ICAFE (CRI)
• Gay Frédéric, CIRAD-PERSYST-UMR Eco&Sols (CRI) ORCID: 0000-0002-7624-8489

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/586942/)

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