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Describing fine spatiotemporal dynamics of rat fleas in an insular ecosystem enlightens abiotic drivers of murine typhus incidence in humans

Tran Annelise, Le Minter Gildas, Balleydier Elsa, Etheves Marie Anaïs, Laval Morgane, Boucher Floriane, Guernier Vanina, Lagadec Erwan, Mavingui Patrick, Cardinale Eric, Tortosa Pablo. 2021. Describing fine spatiotemporal dynamics of rat fleas in an insular ecosystem enlightens abiotic drivers of murine typhus incidence in humans. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15 (2):e0009029, 16 p.

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Url - jeu de données - Dataverse Cirad : https://doi.org/10.18167/DVN1/TWNWG6

Quartile : Q1, Sujet : PARASITOLOGY / Quartile : Q1, Sujet : TROPICAL MEDICINE

Résumé : Murine typhus is a flea-borne zoonotic disease that has been recently reported on Reunion Island, an oceanic volcanic island located in the Indian Ocean. Five years of survey implemented by the regional public health services have highlighted a strong temporal and spatial structure of the disease in humans, with cases mainly reported during the humid season and restricted to the dry southern and western portions of the island. We explored the environmental component of this zoonosis in an attempt to decipher the drivers of disease transmission. To do so, we used data from a previously published study (599 small mammals and 175 Xenopsylla fleas from 29 sampling sites) in order to model the spatial distribution of rat fleas throughout the island. In addition, we carried out a longitudinal sampling of rats and their ectoparasites over a 12 months period in six study sites (564 rats and 496 Xenopsylla fleas) in order to model the temporal dynamics of flea infestation of rats. Generalized Linear Models and Support Vector Machine classifiers were developed to model the Xenopsylla Genus Flea Index (GFI) from climatic and environmental variables. Results showed that the spatial distribution and the temporal dynamics of fleas, estimated through the GFI variations, are both strongly controlled by abiotic factors: rainfall, temperature and land cover. The models allowed linking flea abundance trends with murine typhus incidence rates. Flea infestation in rats peaked at the end of the dry season, corresponding to hot and dry conditions, before dropping sharply. This peak of maximal flea abundance preceded the annual peak of human murine typhus cases by a few weeks. Altogether, presented data raise novel questions regarding the ecology of rat fleas while developed models contribute to the design of control measures adapted to each micro region of the island with the aim of lowering the incidence of flea-borne diseases.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : zoonose, Rickettsia, Xenopsylla, surveillance épidémiologique, dynamique des populations, distribution spatiale, modélisation, facteurs abiotiques, transmission des maladies, île

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : La Réunion, France

Mots-clés complémentaires : Typhus murin, Rickettsia typhi

Mots-clés libres : Rickettsia typhi, Murine typhus, Xenopsylla, Rattus, Fleas, Population dynamics, Risk mapping, Modelling, Zoonosis

Classification Agris : S50 - Santé humaine
L73 - Maladies des animaux
U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Auteurs et affiliations

  • Tran Annelise, CIRAD-ES-UMR TETIS (REU) ORCID: 0000-0001-5463-332X - auteur correspondant
  • Le Minter Gildas, Université de la Réunion (REU) - auteur correspondant
  • Balleydier Elsa, Santé Publique France (FRA)
  • Etheves Marie Anaïs, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (REU)
  • Laval Morgane, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA)
  • Boucher Floriane, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (REU)
  • Guernier Vanina, Université de la Réunion (REU)
  • Lagadec Erwan, Université de la Réunion (REU)
  • Mavingui Patrick, Université de la Réunion (REU)
  • Cardinale Eric, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (REU) ORCID: 0000-0002-3434-3541
  • Tortosa Pablo, Université de la Réunion (REU)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/597760/)

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