Population development to help resolve and move traits in genomics-assisted breeding : OP03

Glaszmann Jean-Christophe. 2013. Population development to help resolve and move traits in genomics-assisted breeding : OP03. In : Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: the Challenge for the 21st Century : Book of abstracts of the CIBA 2013. Brasileiro Ana Christina Miranda (ed.), Fortes Ferreira Claudia (ed.), Fernandez Diana (ed.), Micheli Fabienne (ed.), Coelho Filho M.A. (ed.), Marraccini Pierre (ed.). EMBRAPA, UESC, CIRAD, IRD. Brasilia : EMBRAPA, Résumé, 10-11. Workshop on Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: the Challenge for the 21st Century, Ilhéus-Bahia, Brésil, 6 Novembre 2013/8 Novembre 2013.

Résumé : Plant breeding programs evolve by developing a better understanding of genetic architecture of agricultural traits and making more use of it with minimal resource diversion from mainstream genetic gain accumulation. Thanks to new capacities for monitoring genome segregation, analytical approaches have evolved, shifting from specific experiments with ad hoc progenies to global analyses incorporated along the improvement process through new types of populations. An array of such populations is described here in order to illustrate current efforts at Cirad and IRD on a range of tropical crops. The leaders of these efforts and contributors of presentation materials are indicated in parentheses. Annual crops allow quick constitution and management of novel populations which have specific features: - Nested-Association-Mapping (NAM) populations in rice developed at CIAT and AfricaRice with IRD (Mathias Lorieux) - Back-cross NAM (BCNAM) populations developed in sorghum at IER with CIRAD and ICRISAT (Jean- François Rami) - Chromosome-segment substitution lines (CSSL) in groundnut developed at ISRA - CERAAS with Cirad, EMBRAPA and ICRISAT (Daniel Fonceka) - Recurrent Selection populations in rice developed and used at CIAT with CIRAD for genomic selection (Cécile Grenier). Vegetatively propagated fruit crops often find value in seedless types and often feature interspecific and intergenomic hybridization that fixed heterozygosity and sterility: - banana and plantain improvement requires pre-breeding prior to sterility-generating combinations, leading attention to the causes for restriction to recombination and segregation distorsions (Angélique D'Hont). Perennial crops often have a peculiar history that heavily impacted their population structure: - sugarcane has a short breeding history featuring interspecific hybridization from a limited number of founders which led to strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and allows genome-wide association studies - cacao has a history of migrations and spontaneous hybridizations that resulted in admixture patterns enabling LD-based association mapping (Claire Lanaud). All these examples suggest new modes of interaction between breeding programs. Exchanges of materials, when feasible, enable compilation of characterization efforts on the same materials, leading to a deeper understanding of biological variation. Exchanges of genotypic information enable linking geographically separated activities through identity by descent between haplotypes and its extension to genetic factors for agricultural traits. This is particularly important at a time of global changes and quick evolution of adaptive constraints. (Texte intégral)

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Glaszmann Jean-Christophe, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-9918-875X

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/571814/)

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