Genetic diversity, genetic erosion, and conservation of the two cultivated rice species (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) and their close wild relatives

Ahmadi Nourollah. 2016. Genetic diversity, genetic erosion, and conservation of the two cultivated rice species (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) and their close wild relatives. In : Genetic diversity and erosion in plants. Case Histories. Ahuja M.R. (ed.), Jain S.M. (ed.), Mohan S. (ed.). Cham : Springer International Publishing, 35-73. ISBN 978-3-319-25953-6

Résumé : Rice cultivated gene-pool includes two species. Asian rice, Oryza. sativa, displays a very large phenotypic diversity resulting from a long history of domestication driven by human demographic expansion and sympatry with its wild relatives. African rice, O. glaberrima, represents a typical case of domestication bottleneck. Recent sympatry of the two species in Africa has given birth to new diversity. Current rice in situ genetic diversity results from the succession of a number of long-standing evolutionary events and the contemporary reversal of the trend of increasing diversity, referred to as genetic erosion. Since the early 20th century, human demographic growth, agricultural modernisation and the advent of formal breeding systems, have affected the in situ diversity of cultivated rice species and their wild relatives. The evolutionary processes had produced a very large number of Landraces (LVs) of which some 500,000 are conserved ex situ. The contemporary changes have resulted in the replacement of a large proportion of LVs by a small number of Modern varieties (MV) in more than 70% of rice growing areas in Asia and Latin America, 38% in Africa. The most important feature of rice in situ diversity emerging from our case studies in China, South and Southeast Asian countries, West Africa and Madagascar, is the diversity of situations. Aggregated data suggest massive absolute genetic erosion and sharp reduction of diversity indexes, particularly in irrigated ecosystems. Detailed surveys indicate smoother genetic erosion in rainfed ecosystems. However, the perspectives of rice in situ genetic diversity are gloomy even in rainfed ecosystems. The most realistic and promising option for the future is a dynamic management in the framework of the emerging concept of ecological intensification.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Oryza sativa, Oryza glaberrima, érosion génétique, variation génétique, conservation des ressources génétiques, ressource génétique végétale, évolution, pool de gènes, variété indigène, variété, plante de culture, plante sauvage, étude de cas, gestion des ressources, histoire

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Asie, Afrique, Chine, Bangladesh, Inde, Népal, République démocratique populaire lao, Asie du Sud-Est, Madagascar, Cambodge, Viet Nam, Thaïlande, Afrique occidentale, Guinée

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 1 (2014-2018) - Agriculture écologiquement intensive

Auteurs et affiliations

• Ahmadi Nourollah, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0003-0072-6285

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/578908/)

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