Key unknowns in nitrogen budget for oil palm plantations. A review

Pardon Lénaïc, Bessou Cécile, Netelenbos Nelson Paul, Dubos Bernard, Ollivier Jean, Marichal Raphaël, Caliman Jean-Pierre, Gabrielle Benoît. 2016. Key unknowns in nitrogen budget for oil palm plantations. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36 (1):20, 21 p.

Résumé : Nitrogen (N) losses in agroecosystems are a major environmental and economic issue. This issue is particularly pronounced in oil palm cultivation because oil palm production area is expected to increase to 12 Mha by 2050. N fertilization in oil palm plantations is mainly provided by mineral fertilizers, palm oil mill by-products, and biological fixation using legume cover crops. N loss has a major environmental impact during cultivation. For instance, 48.7 % of the greenhouse gases emitted to produce 1 t of palm oil fruit are due to N fertilization. Actually, there is little comprehensive knowledge on how to calculate N budgets in oil palm plantation in order to optimize fertilization, taking into account N leaching and N gases emissions. Here we modeled knowledge about all N fluxes in an oil palm field following standard management practices of industrial plantations, on a mineral soil, from planting to felling after a 25-year-growth cycle. The largest fluxes are internal fluxes, such as oil palm uptake, with 40–380 kg N ha−1 year−1, and the decomposition of felled palms at the end of the cycle, with 465–642 kg N ha−1. The largest losses are emissions of NH3 and leaching of NO3 −, corresponding to 0.1–42 % and 1–34 % of mineral N applied, respectively. The most uncertain and least documented fluxes are N losses such as N2O, NO x , N2 emissions, leaching, NH3 volatilization, and runoff. The most critical conditions for N losses occur during the immature phase when young palms uptake is low and during the mature phase in areas with sparse soil cover or receiving high amounts of fertilizers. Data is lacking about the effects of management practices on NO3 − leaching and N2O/NO x emissions in those critical conditions.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : plantation forestière, Elaeis guineensis, fertilisation, engrais azoté, gaz à effet de serre, impact sur l'environnement, transport des substances nutritives, cycle de l'azote, agroécologie, pratique culturale

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Asie, Amérique du Sud

Mots-clés libres : Oil palm, N budget, N losses, Tropical perennial crop

Classification Agris : F04 - Fertilisation
K10 - Production forestière
F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 1 (2014-2018) - Agriculture écologiquement intensive

Auteurs et affiliations

• Pardon Lénaïc, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR Systèmes de pérennes (FRA)
• Bessou Cécile, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR Systèmes de pérennes (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-6686-8468
• Netelenbos Nelson Paul, James Cook University (AUS)
• Dubos Bernard, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR Systèmes de pérennes (FRA)
• Ollivier Jean, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR Systèmes de pérennes (FRA)
• Marichal Raphaël, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR Systèmes de pérennes (IDN) ORCID: 0000-0001-9070-5749
• Caliman Jean-Pierre, SMART Research Institute (IDN)
• Gabrielle Benoît, AgroParisTech (FRA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/580309/)

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