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Genomic selection in tropical perennial crops and plantation trees: A review

Seyum Essubalew Getachew, Bille Ngalle Hermine, Abtew Wosene Gebreselassie, Munyengwa Norman, Bell Joseph Martin, Cros David. 2022. Genomic selection in tropical perennial crops and plantation trees: A review. Molecular Breeding, 42:58, 23 p.

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Résumé : To overcome the multiple challenges currently faced by agriculture, such as climate change and soil deterioration, more efficient plant breeding strategies are required. Genomic selection (GS) is crucial for the genetic improvement of quantitative traits, as it can increase selection intensity, shorten the generation interval, and improve selection accuracy for traits that are difficult to phenotype. Tropical perennial crops and plantation trees are of major economic importance and have consequently been the subject of many GS articles. In this review, we discuss the factors that affect GS accuracy (statistical models, linkage disequilibrium, information concerning markers, relatedness between training and target populations, the size of the training population, and trait heritability) and the genetic gain expected in these species. The impact of GS will be particularly strong in tropical perennial crops and plantation trees as they have long breeding cycles and constrained selection intensity. Future GS prospects are also discussed. High-throughput phenotyping will allow constructing of large training populations and implementing of phenomic selection. Optimized modeling is needed for longitudinal traits and multi-environment trials. The use of multi-omics, haploblocks, and structural variants will enable going beyond single-locus genotype data. Innovative statistical approaches, like artificial neural networks, are expected to efficiently handle the increasing amounts of heterogeneous multi-scale data. Targeted recombinations on sites identified from profiles of marker effects have the potential to further increase genetic gain. GS can also aid re-domestication and introgression breeding. Finally, GS consortia will play an important role in making the best of these opportunities.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : amélioration des plantes, changement climatique, sélection, marqueur génétique, plante de culture tropicale, phénotype, Elaeis guineensis, Coffea arabica, amélioration génétique, génomique, modèle de simulation, zone tropicale, héritabilité, variation génétique, dynamique des populations

Mots-clés libres : Genomic selection, Sélection génomique, Perennial crop, Perennial plant, Review

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Auteurs et affiliations

  • Seyum Essubalew Getachew, University of Yaounde 1 (CMR)
  • Bille Ngalle Hermine, University of Yaounde 1 (CMR)
  • Abtew Wosene Gebreselassie, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (ETH)
  • Munyengwa Norman, University of Queensland (AUS)
  • Bell Joseph Martin, Université de Yaoundé 1 (CMR)
  • Cros David, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-8601-7991 - auteur correspondant

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/602204/)

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