Quilici Serge.
2000. Parasitoids of Citrus pests in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean).
In : XXI International congress of entomology. Gazzoni D.L. (ed.). EMBRAPA-Soja, SEB
Résumé : Reunion Island is a French overseas department in the west of the Indian Ocean. Citrus crops, which have been developped there since the last thirty years, are attacked by a variety of pests. The Citrus Greening Disease (CGD) has long been a major limiting factor of citrus growing. Until the 1980's, it was transmitted by the african psylla Trioza erytreae and the asian psylla Diaphorina citri. Among major pests are aphids transmitting the CTV (Citrus Tristeza Virus), particularly Toxoptera citricidus and Aphis gossypii, different species of fruit flies (Ceratitis rosa and C. capitata), the Citrus Rust Mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora), the South African Citrus Thrips (Scirtothrips aurantii), the Citrus Flower Moth (Prays citri), and various species of scale insects. More recently, the Citrus Leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella), has been recorded in the island. The Wooly Whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus, for a long time a major pest, has been successfully controlled biologically. During the last thirty years, parasitoids have been used in classical biological control programs conducted by CIRAD scientists against citrus pests. ]lie programme against the vectors of CGD can be considered a case-study of successful biocontrol in an island. While the introduction of the eulophid Tamarixia dryi (1974) *owed the eradication of T. erytreae at the beginning of the 80's, the introduction of Tamarixia radiata (1978) led to a drastic reduction in the populations of the asian psylla. A very favorable biological equilibrium also followed the introduction of Cales noacki against the Wooly Whitefly in 1976. More recently, the successful introduction of Ageniaspis citricola in 1997 enabled us to improve the natural control of the Citrus Leaf miner. Indigenous parasitoids may play a prominent role in the natural control of various citrus pests, as in the case of the large parasitoid complexes associated with lecanid or diaspid scales. The Margarodidae Icerya seychellarum is under very good control by the combined action of the ladybird Rodolia chermesina and the dipteran parasitoid Cryptochetum sp.. Five indigenous parasitoids play a major role in the control of the Citrus Leaf miner. Aphids are also attacked by various species of Aphidiidae and Aphelinidae, with a variable degree of control. In other cases, the contribution of parasitoids to the natural control of the pest seems much less effective, like for fruit flies, for which parasitoids contribute as a minor mortality factor on wild host-plants. The possible side-effects of classical biocontrol must be,thoroughly considered before any operation, particularly in the case of fragile island ecosystems. Current and future programmes will only consider the possibility of using parasitoids with the narrowest possible host-range. In the meantime, the knowledge of the local entomofauna has considerably progressed, allowing a better prevision of possible side-effects.
Mots-clés Agrovoc : Citrus, insecte nuisible, parasitoïde, lutte anti-insecte, Tephritidae, Braconidae, maladie des plantes, virus des végétaux
Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : La Réunion, France
Mots-clés complémentaires : Greening, Tristeza, Mouche des fruits
Classification Agris : H10 - Ravageurs des plantes
Auteurs et affiliations
- Quilici Serge, CIRAD-FLHOR-ARF (REU)
Autres liens de la publication
Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/475794/)
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