Alley cropping of maize and Gliricidia sepium in the Sudanese Sahel region : some technical feasibility aspects

Ndiaye Mamadou, Ganry Francis, Oliver Robert. 2000. Alley cropping of maize and Gliricidia sepium in the Sudanese Sahel region : some technical feasibility aspects. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 14 : 317-327.

https://doi.org/10.1080/08903060050136432

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Autre titre : La culture en bandes de maïs et Gliricidia sepium dans la région sahélienne soudanaise : quelques aspects de la faisabilité technique

Résumé : An association in an alley cropping experiment of a short-term maize variety and a tree legume (#Gliricidia sepium#) adapted to the Sudanese Sahel region was studied from the point of view of the nitrogen balance and plot yields. Isotopic labelling applied in the field enabled the contribution to maize nitrogen nutrition from different nitrogen sources (fertilizer, prunings, and soil) to be quantified. For equal cultivated areas, alley cropping provides a maize yield greater than that of maize grown in pure stand without nitrogen fertilizer. However this yield is only 40% of that obtained in pure stands with fertilizer nitrogen. Alley cropping gives a very favourable Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) of 0.90 and 1.58 compared with N-fertilized and non-N-fertilized plots, respectively. These LERs demonstrate the increased biological efficiency of the cultivated soil in an agroforestry system. The percentage of the total nitrogen in the maize coming from prunings (Nfdp) varies between 30 and 35% and the true coefficient of nitrogen utilization of the prunings (TCUp) varies from 15-25%. In the environment of central Senegal, the percentage of total nitrogen of #G. sepium# coming from N2 fixation is quite low (Ndffix = 25%), and consequently, in the maize, the nitrogen coming from N2 fixation (Ndffix) is only 8%. It is therefore necessary to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fixation of #G. sepium# in this zone to assure the sustainability of the agroforestry system.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Zea mays, Gliricidia sepium, culture intercalaire, azote, technique des traceurs, nutrition des plantes, rendement des cultures, fertilisation, engrais azoté, engrais organique, Fixation de l'azote, agroforesterie