Aspects juridiques de la valorisation des ressources génétiques végétales

Feyt Henri, Sontot Andrée. 2000. Aspects juridiques de la valorisation des ressources génétiques végétales. Cahiers Agricultures, 9 (5) : 403-416.

Liste HCERES des revues (en SHS) : oui

Thème(s) HCERES des revues (en SHS) : Géographie-Aménagement-Urbanisme-Architecture

Résumé : The awareness of the importance of genetic resources started during the XVIlIth century and reasoned breeding has been developing since the middle of the XIXth century. Today, globalization of economic exchanges, international competition and biotechnologies offering new perspectives for the utilization of genetic resources, raise the question about their property, their value and corresponding laws. This paper deals only with plant genetic resources of which it proposes a complete typology. It relates the history of the debates on intellectual property rights for plants, which resulted in the adoption of the UPOV convention in 1961. This convention grants the breeder of new varieties an exclusive right for their commercial exploitation for a definite period. This sui generis system for plant variety recognizes the skills of the breeder for assembling genes but does not protect the genes by themselves. The International Undertaking of the FAO on plant genetic resources, adopted in 1983 but legally non constraining, stated that genetic resources are a heritage of mankind and consequently should be available without restriction. It also aimed to preservation, evaluation and documentation of genetic resources. Nevertheless, during the eighties, new concepts on "farmer's rights" and "sovereignty of the states over their plant genetic resources" were developed and adopted by the International Conference on Biodiversity in Rio in 1992. This convention, legally constraining, makes provision for sharing in a fair and equitable way the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources. Its implementation provoked the opening of big discussions, still unfinished, which are presented. Some examples of the current practice in international exchanges of genetic resources are presented and the state of the current international negotiations is reviewed.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : ressource génétique, ressource végétale, protection légale, législation, coopération internationale

Classification Agris : D50 - Législation
F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Feyt Henri, CIRAD-AMIS-BIOTROP (FRA)
• Sontot Andrée, BRG (FRA)

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/476453/)

Métriques

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