Efron Yoel, Blaha Georges, Konam J., Tade E., Powell M..
2000. Rehabilitation by chupon bud grafting, a possible solution to overcome yield decline and losses to diseases of cocoa in Papua New Guinea.
In : 13 Conférence internationale sur la recherche cacaoyère : résumés = 13 International cocoa research conference: summaries ; 13 Conferencia internacional de pesquisas em cacau : resumos ; 13 Conferencia internacional de investigacion en cacao : resumenes
Autre titre : La rénovation par écussonnage sur rejet, une solution possible aux problèmes de déclin du rendement et de pertes dues aux maladies chez le cacaoyer en Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée
Résumé : Yield decline of the Amazonian x Trinitario cocoa hybrids currently grown in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a major cause for the low productivity of cocoa in the country. It starts six to seven years after planting. This decline in yield does not appear to be due to one single cause. A complex of several factors is probably involved. These include early ageing of the tree, bark damage with irreversible flower cushion destruction and infections by pests and diseases. Cocoa tree can be maintained in youthful state by "self succeeding rejuvenation", a technique using newly grown chupon to replace the old trees. However, this approach will not overcome other drawbacks of the hybrids, namely tree-to-tree variability in production potential and sufficient level of resistance to pod rot. PNG-Cocoa and Coconut Research Institute (CCRI) has recently released three polyclonal varieties of hybrid clones as new type of planting materials. These clones can be used to maintain cocoa trees in youthful conditions and at the same time upgrade the existing materials for higher yield potential and better disease resistance. The use of several genetically different clones is recommended in order to diversify the planting materials, to reduce the risk of genetic vulnerability, and to maximize the sources of resistance. A rehabilitation experiment with several hybrid clones is being conducted using the chupon bud grafting technique. The technique includes chupon induction by heavy pruning, field patch budding of 3-4 months old chupons, and gradual removal of the old trees to enable farmers to a continuous harvest of pods. Experience with this technique at CCRI showed a very high success rate (over 90%). It is faster and cheaper to implement as compared with the side grafting or patch budding techniques used elsewhere. The experiment was initiated in 1997. Pod harvest started in 1998, 15 months after budding. Recommendations to cocoa growers will be made after complete field-testing. (Texte intégral)
Mots-clés Agrovoc : Theobroma cacao, régénération, rejet, écussonnage
Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée
Classification Agris : F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes
F01 - Culture des plantes
Auteurs et affiliations
- Efron Yoel, CCRI [Cocoa and Coconut Research Institute] (PNG)
- Blaha Georges, CIRAD-CP-CACAO (PNG)
- Konam J.
- Tade E.
- Powell M.
Autres liens de la publication
Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/476960/)
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