Genetic differentiation in the olive complex (Olea europaea) revealed by RAPDs and RFLPs in the rRNA genes

Besnard G., Baradat Philippe, Chevalier D., Tagmount A., Bervillé A.. 2001. Genetic differentiation in the olive complex (Olea europaea) revealed by RAPDs and RFLPs in the rRNA genes. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 48 : 165-182.

Autre titre : Différenciation génétique dans le complexe de l'olivier (Olea europaea) telle que révélée par les RAPD et les RFLP dans les gènes ARNr

Résumé : We assessed the genetic differentiation of the Mediterranean olive from its wild relatives found in different geographic areas (Mediterranean, Asia, Africa) using eighty RAPDs revealed with eight primers. Variance analysis (AMOVA) enabled us to estimate the overall genetic differentiation parameters between wild populations. Oleasters from the Near East and Turkey were discriminated from the other Mediterranean populations. #Olea laperrinei#, #0. maroccana# and #0. cerasiformis# were the taxa the most related to the Mediterranean olive. In contrast, #0. africana# was shown to be the most genetically distant taxa from the Mediterranean olive. However, we characterized hybrid trees between these two taxa. Significant trends between genetic and geographic distances were met within the subspecies #cuspidata# and within the Mediterranean olive. A genetic diversity gradient was observed in both subspecies #europaea# and #cuspidata#. These results are in agreement with a mechanism of differentiation by distance in the #0. europaea# complex, but another non-exclusive mechanism could also be gene flow between differentiated taxa. Furthermore, we characterised the discriminating power of each RAPD to recognise the different taxa using intraclass correlation coefficients. Lastly, IGS-RFLPs enabled us to assess rDNA polymorphisms on a sub-sample of individuals. On the basis of these data, a low interspecific differentiation was found. This suggests a recent genetic divergence between the different taxa of the #0. europaea# complex or the occurrence of gene flow during favourable periods or because human displacements. All the olive cultivars were genetically related to the oleaster populations supporting that Mediterranean is the olive domestication area.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Olea europaea, distance génétique, flux de gènes, RAPD, arn ribosomal, sous-espèce, provenance

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Besnard G., INRA (FRA)
• Baradat Philippe, INRA (FRA)
• Chevalier D., INRA (FRA)
• Tagmount A., INRA (FRA)
• Bervillé A., INRA (FRA)

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/489489/)

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