Ganry Francis, Feller Christian, Harmand Jean-Michel, Guibert Hervé.
2001. Management of soil organic matter in semiarid Africa for annual cropping systems.
In : Managing organic matter in tropical soils, scope and limitations : Proceedings of a workshop organized by the Center for Development Research at the University of Bonn (ZEF Bonn), Germany, 7-10 June 1999. Martius Christopher (ed.), Tiessen H. (ed.), Vlek Paul L.G. (ed.). Universität Bonn-ZEF
Résumé : Ensuring sustainable agriculture in semiarid Africa requires the implementation of methods to balance nutrients and to conserve soil organic matter (SOM). There is an urgent need to improve the management of all types of SOM input. In this paper; the authors review a wide range of agricultural practices and discuss their advantages, limitations and feasibility. They distinguish 'traditional systems' such as traditional fallow, parkland and manuring from 'improved systems' such as 'improved fallow', forest fallow, alley cropping, cover crops and application of composted manure. Biomass production (BMP) for 'improved systems' is mainly linked: (i) for agroforestry, to the tree species used in forest fallow, to the synchronization of nutrient supply by the soil with the cereal demand in alley cropping, and generally to the efficiency of the root system and its development with the depth; (ii) for cover crops, BMP is mainly linked to the initial soil fertility and to the ecological zone: establishment and management of cover crops are not yet fully mastered under some conditions such as an annual rainfall below 800 mm and/or on very clayey soils; (iii) for manure, BMP is mainly linked to the improvement of fallow in order to ensure sufficient forage resources. Because semiarid Africa is mainly a livestock zone, the authors emphasise manure: constraints, quality indicators and tools used to encourage its production, are analysed. Thus it was concluded that the intensification of manure production and its rational use in semiarid African regions, threatened by drought and malnutrition, is very important: this cannot be separated from the production of plant biomass, whose possibilities have been examined above.
Mots-clés Agrovoc : plante annuelle, matière organique du sol, jachère, Vitellaria paradoxa, Faidherbia albida, agroforesterie, plante de couverture, mulch vivant, culture en couloirs, amendement organique, zone semi-aride
Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Afrique
Classification Agris : F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture
F04 - Fertilisation
P35 - Fertilité du sol
Auteurs et affiliations
- Ganry Francis, CIRAD-AMIS-AGRONOMIE (FRA)
- Feller Christian, IRD (FRA)
-
Harmand Jean-Michel, CIRAD-FORET-PLANTATIONS (SEN)
ORCID: 0000-0002-8065-106X
- Guibert Hervé, CIRAD-CA-COTON (FRA)
Autres liens de la publication
Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/508999/)
[ Page générée et mise en cache le 2024-04-02 ]
