Genetic structure of the invasive pest Bemisia tabaci : Evidence of limited but persistent genetic differentiation in glasshouse populations

Dalmon Anne, Halkett Fabien, Granier Martine, Delatte Hélène, Peterschmitt Michel. 2008. Genetic structure of the invasive pest Bemisia tabaci : Evidence of limited but persistent genetic differentiation in glasshouse populations. Heredity, 100 (1) : 316-325.

https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6801080

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Résumé : The geographic range of plant pests can be modified by the use of glasshouses. Bemisia tabaci, originating from warm to hot climates, has been shown to be a complex of distinct genetic groups with very limited gene flow. The genetic structure of this pest was studied in glasshouses in southern France, a region beyond the northern limit of its open-field development area in Europe. Seven microsatellite loci were scored in 22 populations sampled from various regions over 3 years. Two genetic groups were distinguished using a Bayesian clustering method and were assigned to the so-called biotypes B and Q using the gene sequence of cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1). All but one population corresponded to biotype Q, even though only biotype B was previously reported. Despite the enclosed environment of glasshouses and their expected isolation due to low outdoor survival during the winter, only limited differentiation among biotype Q glasshouses was observed. A single sample site was notable for a decrease in expected heterozygosity and the mean number of alleles over the years. The lack of spatial genetic structure among biotype Q populations was indicative of a recent colonization event combined with large dispersal at all spatial scales. This migration pattern of biotype Q populations was further supported by additional CO1 sequences, since individuals from France, Asia and America exhibited 100% nucleotide identity. The evolution of genetic diversity observed in glasshouses in France is part of the worldwide invasion of biotype Q, which is discussed in light of human activities.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Bemisia tabaci, plante de serre, marqueur génétique, microsatellite, biotype, variation génétique, identification, espèce envahissante, culture sous abri

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : France

Classification Agris : H10 - Ravageurs des plantes

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 1 (2005-2013) - Intensification écologique

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