The pest and disease control function of agrobiodiversity at the field scale

Ratnadass Alain, Avelino Jacques, Fernandes Paula, Habib Robert, Letourmy Philippe. 2010. The pest and disease control function of agrobiodiversity at the field scale. In : Agrobiodiversity in Mesoamerica : from genes to landscape : VI Henri A. Wallace Inter-American Scientific Conference Series, Turrialba, Costa Rica, September 20-24, 2010. CATIE. s.l. : s.n., Résumé, 1. Henry A. Wallace Inter-American Scientific Conference. 6, Turrialba, Costa Rica, 20 Septembre 2010/24 Septembre 2010.

Matériel d'accompagnement : 1 diaporama (27 vues)

Résumé : Among agrobiodiversity enhancement options, the planned introduction and management of plant species diversity (PSD) in agroecosystems is a promising way of breaking with "agrochemistry" and moving to "agroecology". Besides agronomic and economic benefits, PSD may reduce pest and disease impact via several causal pathways. We report on instances pest and disease regulation processes in tropical cropping systems, emphasizing the soil and field levels. We thus studied the influence of soil organic matter quantity and quality on the status of Scarab beetles associated with upland rice in Madagascar, in view of minimizing their role as pests and optimizing their function as ecosystem engineers in multiple species-based Direct-seeding, Mulch-based Cropping (DMC) systems. We also studied in West Africa the various host plants of sorghum panicle-feeding bugs, in order to manage these pests (and grain molds they transmit) via a combination of trap cropping and cycle rupture, and the potential of several trap crops for managing the tomato fruitworm (and in a subsidiary way the cotton white fly and the TYLC-transmitted disease) on okra. Although processes studied primarily operate at the field level, results obtained stress the need to take into account larger scales, both spatial and temporal. This approach is developed in the Cirad Omega3 project which builds on tropical case studies, representing a broad range of PSD scales and deployment modalities (soil, field, landscape, and DMC, horticultural and agroforestry systems), according to a typology of pests and pathogens based on life-history traits the most amenable to manipulation by PSD (specificity and dispersal ability). Further to results aiming at immediate impact, more generic results are expected, after formalizing the ecological processes studied, namely decision-making rules which will help set up models to predict the impact of PSD on pests and pathogens with similar life-history traits.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : biodiversité, matière organique du sol, système de culture, Scarabaeidae, riz pluvial, Oryza sativa, Sorghum, agroécosystème, contrôle de maladies, lutte antiravageur

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Afrique occidentale, Madagascar

Classification Agris : H10 - Ravageurs des plantes
H20 - Maladies des plantes
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture

Auteurs et affiliations

• Ratnadass Alain, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR HortSys (NER) ORCID: 0000-0002-8873-5671
• Avelino Jacques, CIRAD-BIOS-UPR Bioagresseurs de pérennes (CRI) ORCID: 0000-0003-1983-9431
• Fernandes Paula, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR HortSys (MTQ) ORCID: 0000-0001-7668-8700
• Habib Robert, CIRAD-PERSYST-DIR (FRA)
• Letourmy Philippe, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR SCA (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0003-1040-0860

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/557931/)

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