New ecological options for the management of horticultural crop pests in Sudano-Sahelian agroecosystems of West Africa

Ratnadass Alain, Ryckewaert Philippe, Claude Z., Nikiema D., Pasternak Dov, Woltering Lennart, Thunes Karl H., Zakari-Moussa Ousmane. 2011. New ecological options for the management of horticultural crop pests in Sudano-Sahelian agroecosystems of West Africa. In : Proceedings of the International Symposium on Plant Protection : Proceedings of the XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC 2010), Lisbon, Portugal, August 22-27, 2010. Hale Chris (ed.). ISHS. Louvain : ISHS [Belgique], 85-92. (Acta Horticulturae, 917) ISBN 978-90-66055-44-5 International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People. 28, Lisbonne, Portugal, 22 Août 2010/27 Août 2010.

Résumé : The agroecological approach to agroecosystem management relies on two pillars: vegetational diversification and soil biological activity enhancement. Although crop pests and their natural enemies may be diversely affected by measures derived from these principles, those generally result in increased agroecosystem resilience visà- vis both aerial and soil pests. Earlier studies by ICRISAT and CIRAD and their partners in West Africa showed the potential of the implementation of these principles for the management of some major pests of both staple food and horticultural crops, and their limitations for others, notably in the water-saving and income-generating systems mixing cereals, legumes, and high-value crops currently promoted in the Sudano-Sahelian zones, such as the drip irrigation-based African Market Garden (AMG) and the water harvesting-based Bio-Reclamation of Degraded Lands (BDL) systems. Pigeon-pea showed potential for trap-cropping tomato fruit worm (TFW) on okra, while Andropogon grass was dismissed for such management of stem-borer on pearl millet, and mixed results were obtained with castor bean and other potential trap crops for panicle-feeding bug management on sorghum. The results presented highlight the potential for mobilizing either aerial or soil-bound biological processes for managing fruit flies (FF), the main pest of grafted jujube tree, and leaf worm, the main pest of the Moringa tree, for sustainable production of these two major crops (in BDL and AMG systems, respectively), without having to rely on synthetic pesticide sprays. Studies on the social acceptability of the proposed management options (e.g., pigeon-pea in okra-based BDL) are also underway. The potential of the Jatropha shrub grown as a live-fence around these systems, either for its top-down effects or via the use of its extracts in an assisted push-pull strategy, is discussed. These studies on targeted pathosystems serve the dual purpose of finding solutions to local problems and contribute more globally to the design of pest resilient agrosystems.

Classification Agris : H10 - Ravageurs des plantes
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture

Auteurs et affiliations

• Ratnadass Alain, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR HortSys (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-8873-5671
• Ryckewaert Philippe, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR HortSys (FRA)
• Claude Z., Université Abdou Moumouni (NER)
• Nikiema D., ICRISAT (NER)
• Pasternak Dov, ICRISAT (NER)
• Woltering Lennart, ICRISAT (NER)
• Thunes Karl H., Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute (NOR)
• Zakari-Moussa Ousmane, Université Abdou Moumouni (NER)

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/563592/)

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