Optimizing the utilization of plant genetic resources for climatic changes adaptation in the Pacific: the need for a new approach

Lebot Vincent. 2015. Optimizing the utilization of plant genetic resources for climatic changes adaptation in the Pacific: the need for a new approach. In : XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): IV International Symposium on Plant Genetic Resources. Jaenicke H. (ed.), Ashmore S.E. (ed.), Dulloo M.E. (ed.), Guarino L. (ed.), Taylor M. (ed.). ISHS. Leuven : ISHS, 93-104. (Acta Horticulturae, 1101) ISBN 978-94-62610-87-3 International Horticultural Congress. 29, Brisbane, Australie, 17 Août 2014/22 Août 2014.

Url - éditeur : http://www.ihc2014.org/ / Url - éditeur : http://www.ishs.org/symposium/415

Note générale : A l'occasion de ce congrès, s'est également déroulé le 4th International Symposium on Plant Genetic Resources, du 17 au 22 août 2014, Brisbane, Australie

Résumé : The Pacific Islands staples (mostly root and tuber crops) have been clonally distributed over wide geographical distances. Over the last three decades, molecular markers studies have confirmed that the bottlenecks induced by this process resulted in narrow genetic bases exposing smallholders to increased vulnerability. Farmers can select new cultivars when capturing new morphotypes clonally from seedlings or sports. When interesting, clones are easily exchanged and distributed. However, because of the present climatic, environmental and socio-economic changes, improved germplasm is now urgently needed. These species share common biological traits: they have variable ploidy levels but are predominantly allogamous and highly heterozygous. Breeding is a slow process. When available, the distribution of selected clones is constrained by the large number of smallholders, their geographical isolation, the absence of a LSQUOseedRSQUO industry, poor national dissemination and distribution systems, their low multiplication rate and strict international regulations. The question is: how can we develop an efficient system to distribute new cultivars, considering climatic uncertainties, the geographical constraints and the characteristics of the species involved? This paper presents a review of the Pacific traditional crops genetic diversity, breeding progresses and the difficulties of the existing germplasm distribution and utilization system. A few practical solutions to strengthen farmersRSQUO capacity to adapt to forthcoming changes are proposed.

Mots-clés libres : Pacifique Sud, Amélioration génétique, Réelles semences botaniques

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
P40 - Météorologie et climatologie
H01 - Protection des végétaux - Considérations générales

Auteurs et affiliations

• Lebot Vincent, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR AGAP (VUT)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/579944/)

Métriques

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