Does plant richness alter multitrophic soil food web and promote plant-parasitic nematode regulation in banana agroecosystems?

Poeydebat Charlotte, Tixier Philippe, Chabrier Christian, De Lapeyre de Bellaire Luc, Vargas Randall, Daribo Marie Odette, Carval Dominique. 2017. Does plant richness alter multitrophic soil food web and promote plant-parasitic nematode regulation in banana agroecosystems?. Applied Soil Ecology, 117-118 : 137-146.

Quartile : Q1, Sujet : SOIL SCIENCE

Résumé : Agroecosystem plant diversification at the field scale has been shown to enhance ecological pest regulation. We explored the effects of plant community composition and soil properties on the soil nematode community, with a particular interest in the regulation of banana plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). We monitored banana phytometers (Cavendish Grande Naine cultivar) in 85 plots distributed along a plant richness gradient. Plant community composition, soil properties, abundance of bacterivorous, fungivorous and proportion of predaceous soil free-living nematodes, and abundance and damage of PPN (Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus coffeae, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, and Meloidogyne spp.) in phytometer roots were measured. We used structural equation modeling to investigate ecological processes leading to PPN regulation. Low-stratum plant species richness, but not high-stratum, was positively related to microbivore nematode abundances, supposedly because it promoted qualitative diversity of organic inputs and micro-climatic effects supporting more soil microorganisms. Musa genotype and low-stratum plant species richness induced associational susceptibility because of differential susceptibility of Musa genotypes to PPN and because of polyphagia of PPN spreading outside the Musa family, respectively. We found no regulation of PPN by predaceous nematodes, probably because food web complexity prevented trophic cascades from propagating. Ultimately, fungivorous nematode abundance was negatively related to PPN abundance, suggesting apparent competition or increased regulation by antagonistic fungi. Our results suggest that, when facing generalist pests, cropped plant communities should be diversified to promote pest regulation but must be carefully assembled to limit pest susceptibility heterogeneity among crop genotypes and to exclude alternative host plant species.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Musa, agroécosystème, gestion intégrée des ravageurs, régime alimentaire, nématode des plantes, interactions biologiques, micro-organisme du sol, modèle de simulation, prédation, biodiversité, flore, propriété physicochimique du sol, écologie, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Meloidogyne, Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus coffeae, Nematoda

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Martinique, Costa Rica, France

Classification Agris : H10 - Ravageurs des plantes
P34 - Biologie du sol
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 4 (2014-2018) - Santé des animaux et des plantes

Agences de financement européennes : European Regional Development Fund

Projets sur financement : (EU) Use of the biodiversity of Martinique to improve the functioning of agro ecosystems

Auteurs et affiliations

• Poeydebat Charlotte, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (FRA)
• Tixier Philippe, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-5147-9777
• Chabrier Christian, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (DOM) ORCID: 0000-0001-6502-9822
• De Lapeyre de Bellaire Luc, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR Systèmes bananes et ananas (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0003-1243-0887
• Vargas Randall, CORBANA (CRI)
• Daribo Marie Odette, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (MTQ)
• Carval Dominique, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR GECO (FRA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/584731/)

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