The "commodification" of nature: an anthropological look at the Payment for Environmental Services (1002)

Sabourin Eric. 2017. The "commodification" of nature: an anthropological look at the Payment for Environmental Services (1002). In : Abstracts Open Science Conference PECS II “Transdisciplinary place-based research for global sustainability”. PECS. Oaxaca : PECS, Résumé, 58. Open ScienceOpen Science Conference of the Programme for Ecosystem Change and Society. 2, Oaxaca, Mexique, 7 Novembre 2017/10 Novembre 2017.

Url - autre : http://www.pecsii.org/general-program

Matériel d'accompagnement : Communication complète (12 p.)

Résumé : The paper poses the anthropological question "What does man returns to the nature or how he takes care of the nature?" Until the 20th century, man received goods from nature or levied them in counterpart of rituals that guaranteed the sacred and compulsory nature of the rules of management and preservation of natural resources. The extension and globalization of the merchant exchange put an end to it. Facing the inevitable and accelerated degradation of the environment, states and international organizations have been unable to set up a global regulatory environment organization. States and firms only agree on policies of commodification of nature that quickly become carbon market, compensation fund for pollution in the USA and their financialization. There is also a "commodification" of nature through certain forms of payment programs for environmental services (paying landowners and producers for services rendered by nature). Faced with the drifts of speculation in the carbon or biodiversity markets what kind of anti-utilitarian policy alternatives can be proposed? I propose to extend the hypothesis of Ostrom - about management of the common resources by the collective of farmers (peasants, fishermen, foresters) on the basis of practices of gift and reciprocity - to an hypothesis on the production of local public goods by groups or associations of rural people. The paper has two parts: 1) a theoretical return about reciprocity between man and nature 2) an analysis of the commodification of nature through green economy and payment for environmental services policies.

Résumé (autre langue) : Jusqu'au XX siècle l'homme recevait de la nature ou prélevait en contrepartie de rituels qui garantissaient le caractère sacré et obligatoire des règles de gestion et préservation des ressources naturelles. L'extension et globalisation de l'échange marchand y ont mis fin. On assiste à la marchandisation de la nature ou de ses "services" via les programmes de paiement pour services environnementaux ou la compensation financière d'externalités produites par la nature. Face aux dérives de la spéculation et titrisation sur le marché du carbone ou de la biodiversité, quelles alternatives politiques anti-utilitaristes peut-on opposer?

Mots-clés libres : Préservation de la nature, Réciprocité, Échange marchand, Paiement pour services écosystémiques

Classification Agris : P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières
000 - Autres thèmes
E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution

Auteurs et affiliations

• Sabourin Eric, CIRAD-ES-UMR ART-DEV (BRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-1171-2535

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/585663/)

Métriques

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