Patterns of adaptive genetic variation across Coffea canephora

Poncet Valérie, Tournebize Rémi, Aquino Sinara O., Marraccini Pierre, Mariac Cédric, Bethune Kevin, Andrade Alan Carvalho, Kiwuka Catherine, Crouzillat Dominique, Anten Niels P.R., Manel Stéphanie, De Kochko Alexandre. 2019. Patterns of adaptive genetic variation across Coffea canephora. In : 27th Biennial ASIC Conference, Portland, 16-20 September 2018. Book of abstracts 2019. ASIC, SCA. Portland : ASIC, Résumé, 1 p. Biennial ASIC Conference. 27, Portland, États-Unis, 16 Septembre 2018/20 Septembre 2018.

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Note générale : Pierre Marraccini est l'expert invité du Cirad

Résumé : RATIONALE In the light of adaptation, understanding how organisms respond to their environment, by altering physiological processes, will increase our capacity to make predictions about adaptation to global climate change. Adaptive clines have been increasingly studied in plant species within temperate zones to understand adaptation of organism in natural populations. However, they are still poorly understood in tropical environments. Coffea canephora, cultivated as Robusta, is an interesting tropical tree model to investigate adaptation in the tropics as it is largely distributed within the range of the lowland tropical rain forests of Africa. In particular, modifications occurring in genes related to abiotic stress tolerance make these genes candidate for enhanced resilience to future climate change METHODS We combined the use of both captured regions sequenced for a set of candidate genes related to drought tolerance and whole genome SNP markers. Leveraging on a robust statistical approach combining multiple neutrality statistics, we provided a comprehensive map of selection signals in the genome of the C. canephora both at the species level and within its major genetic groups. RESULTS The genotype-environment association suggests regional adaptation to spatially varying environments of the recent past, with a special focus on the Eastern edge of the distribution, in Uganda. More specifically, we found signals of selection tightly linked to several genes involved in response to biotic and abiotic stress and in caffeine biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS & PERSPECTIVES Our detection of selection signals support the hypothesis of present ecological gradient contributing to the structure of the genetic diversity. Moreover, assessing the genomic vulnerability of the present populations will help to predict their response to future environmental changes.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Coffea canephora, variation génétique, adaptation aux changements climatiques, forêt tropicale humide

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Afrique

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
P40 - Météorologie et climatologie
K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales

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