Coffee somatic embryogenesis: How did research, experience gained and innovations promote the commercial propagation of elite clones from the two cultivated species

Etienne Hervé, Breton David, Breitler Jean-Christophe, Bertrand Benoît, Dechamp Eveline, Awada Rayan, Marraccini Pierre, Leran Sophie, Alpizar Edgardo, Campa Claudine, Courtel Philippe, Georget Frederic, Ducos Jean-Paul. 2018. Coffee somatic embryogenesis: How did research, experience gained and innovations promote the commercial propagation of elite clones from the two cultivated species. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9:1630, 21p.

Quartile : Q1, Sujet : PLANT SCIENCES

Résumé : Since the 1990s, somatic embryogenesis (SE) has enabled the propagation of selected varieties, Arabica F1 hybrid and Robusta clones, originating from the two cultivated coffee species, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora, respectively. This paper shows how mostly empirical research has led to successful industrial transfers launched in the 2000s in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Coffee SE can be considered as a model for other woody perennial crops for the following reasons: (i) a high biological efficiency has been demonstrated for propagated varieties at all developmental stages, and (ii) somaclonal variation is understood and mastered thanks to intensive research combining molecular markers and field observations. Coffee SE is also a useful model given the strong economic constraints that are specific to this species. In brief, SE faced four difficulties: (i) the high cost of SE derived plants compared to the cost of seedlings of conventional varieties, (ii) the logistic problems involved in reaching small-scale coffee growers, (iii) the need for certification, and (iv) the lack of solvency among small-scale producers. Nursery activities were professionalized by introducing varietal certification, quality control with regard to horticultural problems and somaclonal variation, and sanitary control for Xylella fastidiosa. In addition, different technology transfers were made to ensure worldwide dissemination of improved F1 Arabica hybrids and Robusta clones. Innovations have been decisive for successful scaling-up and reduction of production costs, such as the development of temporary immersion bioreactors for the mass production of pre-germinated embryos, their direct sowing on horticultural soil, and the propagation of rejuvenated SE plants by rooted mini-cuttings. Today, SE is a powerful tool that is widely used in coffee for biotechnological applications including propagation and genetic transformation. Basic research has recently started taking advantage of optimized SE protocols. Based on -omics methodologies, research aims to decipher the molecular events involved in the key developmental switches of coffee SE. In parallel, a high-throughput screening of active molecules on SE appears to be a promising tool to speed-up the optimization of SE protocols.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Coffea, Coffea canephora, Coffea arabica, Embryogénèse somatique, hybridation

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Amérique latine, Afrique, Asie

Mots-clés libres : Somatic embryogenesis, Coffee, Breeding, Micropropagation, Somaclonal variation

Classification Agris : F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes
F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes

Champ stratégique Cirad : Axe 1 (2014-2018) - Agriculture écologiquement intensive

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Programme de financement européen : H2020

Projets sur financement : (EU) BREEDing Coffee for AgroForestry Systems

Auteurs et affiliations

• Etienne Hervé, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR IPME (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-6208-9982 - auteur correspondant
• Breton David, Centre de recherches Nestlé (FRA)
• Breitler Jean-Christophe, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR IPME (MEX)
• Bertrand Benoît, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR IPME (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0003-1969-3479
• Dechamp Eveline, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR RPB (FRA)
• Awada Rayan, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR IPME (FRA)
• Marraccini Pierre, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR IPME (VNM) ORCID: 0000-0001-7637-6811
• Leran Sophie, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR IPME (FRA)
• Alpizar Edgardo, Ecom Coffee Group (NIC)
• Campa Claudine, IRD (FRA)
• Courtel Philippe, Ecom Coffee Group (NIC)
• Georget Frederic, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR IPME (CRI)
• Ducos Jean-Paul, Centre de recherches Nestlé (FRA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/589449/)

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