Healthcare utilization, provisioning of post-exposure prophylaxis, and estimation of human rabies burden in Madagascar

Rajeev Malavika, Edosoa Glenn, Hanitriniaina Chantal, Andriamandimby Soa Fy, Guis Hélène, Ramiandrasoa Ravo, Ratovoson Rila, Randrianasolo Laurence, Andriamananjara Mamitiana Aimé, Héraud Jean Michel, Baril Laurence, Metcalf C. Jessica, Hampson Katie. 2019. Healthcare utilization, provisioning of post-exposure prophylaxis, and estimation of human rabies burden in Madagascar. Vaccine, 37 (1), suppl. Scientific and Operational Updates on Rabies : A35-A44.

Quartile : Q2, Sujet : MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL / Quartile : Q3, Sujet : IMMUNOLOGY

Résumé : In Madagascar, dog-mediated rabies has been endemic for over a century, however there is little data on its incidence or impact. We collected data over a 16-month period on provisioning of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) at a focal clinic in the Moramanga District and determined the rabies status of biting animals using clinical and laboratory diagnosis. We find that animal rabies cases are widespread, and clinic-based triage and investigation are effective ways to increase detection of rabies exposures and to rule out non-cases. A high proportion of rabies-exposed persons from Moramanga sought (84%) and completed PEP (90% of those that initiated PEP), likely reflecting the access and free provisioning of PEP in the district. Current clinic vial sharing practices demonstrate the potential for intradermal administration of PEP in endemic African settings, reducing vaccine use by 50% in comparison to intramuscular administration. A high proportion of PEP demand was attributed to rabies cases, with approximately 20% of PEP administered to probable rabies exposures and an additional 20% to low-to-no risk contacts with confirmed/probable animal or human cases. Using a simplified decision tree and our data on rabies exposure status and health-seeking behavior, we estimated an annual incidence of 42–110 rabies exposures and 1–3 deaths per 100,000 persons annually. Extrapolating to Madagascar, we estimate an annual burden of 282–745 human rabies deaths with current PEP provisioning averting 1499–3958 deaths each year. Data from other clinics and districts are needed to improve these estimates, particularly given that PEP availability is currently limited to only 31 clinics in the country. A combined strategy of mass dog vaccination, enhanced surveillance, and expanded access to PEP along with more judicious guidelines for administration could effectively reduce and eventually eliminate the burden of rabies in Madagascar.

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Madagascar

Mots-clés libres : Rabies, Madagascar, Health, Burden

Classification Agris : L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux
S50 - Santé humaine

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Rajeev Malavika, Princeton University (USA) - auteur correspondant
• Edosoa Glenn, Ministère de la santé publique (Madagascar) (MDG)
• Hanitriniaina Chantal, Université d'Antananarivo (MDG)
• Andriamandimby Soa Fy, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Guis Hélène, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (MDG)
• Ramiandrasoa Ravo, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Ratovoson Rila, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Randrianasolo Laurence, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Andriamananjara Mamitiana Aimé, Ministère de l'agriculture et de l'élevage (Madagascar) (MDG)
• Héraud Jean Michel, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Baril Laurence, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Metcalf C. Jessica, Princeton University (USA)
• Hampson Katie, University of Glasgow (GBR)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/589824/)

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