Seed degeneration of banana planting materials: Strategies for improved farmer access to healthy seed

Jacobsen Kim Sarah, Omondi A.B., Almekinders Conny, Alvarez Eduardo, Blomme Guy, Dita Miguel A., Iskra Caruana Marie-Line, Ocimati Walter, Tinzaara W., Kumar Lava, Staver Charles. 2019. Seed degeneration of banana planting materials: Strategies for improved farmer access to healthy seed. Plant Pathology, 68 (2) : 207-228.

https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12958

Article de revue ; Article de recherche ; Article de revue à facteur d'impact

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Quartile : Q1, Sujet : AGRONOMY / Quartile : Q2, Sujet : PLANT SCIENCES

Résumé : Vegetatively propagated crops suffer from yield loss and reduced stand density and longevity caused by the build‐up of certain pests and pathogens between successive plantings via infected planting material. Here, six seedborne phytosanitary problems of banana are reviewed to evaluate whether a seed degeneration framework is a useful tool to identify approaches to achieve healthier planting materials. Phytoparasitic nematodes and weevils generate gradual declines in yields and in sucker health. Fusarium wilt and banana bunchy top virus cause progressive mat collapse across the field. Symptomless suckers from any mat in infested fields represent a risk of transmitting the disease to a new field. Xanthomonas and ralstonia wilts, due to incomplete systemicity, are intermediate in their threat to yield loss and frequency of transmission in suckers. Losses to banana streak virus are triggered by abiotic stress, although sucker transmission of episomal banana streak virus also contributes. A qualitative equation described here for seed degeneration covers a cycle beginning with the quality and risk factors of the planting material used to plant a new field and ends with the quality and risk factors of the suckers extracted from the field to plant a new field. This review of five planting material multiplication methods commonly used in banana contrasts their differing usefulness to address seed degeneration in the small farm context. It is proposed that initiatives to offset banana seed degeneration should integrate the role of off‐farm actors into decentralized initiatives rather than attempt to duplicate national seed certification frameworks from other true seed or vegetatively propagated crops.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Musa, multiplication des plantes, drageon, santé des plantes, organisme transmissible par semence, transmission des maladies, virus bunchy top bananier, Nematoda, Cosmopolites sordidus, Ralstonia, Xanthomonas, Fusarium oxysporum