Tick-borne diseases in the Union of the Comoros are a hindrance to livestock development: Circulation and associated risk factors

Boucher Floriane, Moutroifi Y.O., Peba B., Ali M., Moindjie Y., Ruget A.S., Abdouroihamane F., Madi Kassim A., Soulé Miradje, Charafouddine Onzade, Cetre-Sossah Catherine, Cardinale Eric. 2020. Tick-borne diseases in the Union of the Comoros are a hindrance to livestock development: Circulation and associated risk factors. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (1):101283, 9 p.

Quartile : Q2, Sujet : INFECTIOUS DISEASES / Quartile : Q2, Sujet : MICROBIOLOGY / Quartile : Q2, Sujet : PARASITOLOGY

Résumé : Tick-borne diseases (TBD) occur in many temperate countries and are economically important in most tropical and subtropical areas, affecting dairy and beef cattle, as well as small ruminants. Four major tick-borne diseases have been detected in eastern and southern Africa: East Coast fever (ECF) caused by Theileria parva, Theiler 1904, anaplasmosis caused by either Anaplasma marginale, Theiler 1910, Anaplasma centrale, Theiler 1911, or Anaplasma ovis, Bevan 1912, babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis, Babes 1988 and Babesia bigemina, Smith & Kilborne 1893, and heartwater caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium Cowdry 1925. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to determine the antibody prevalence of these TBDs and to identify the risk factors for TBD infections in the Union of the Comoros. In 2016 and 2017, 903 individual animal serum samples were collected from 429 separate farms, where the farmers answered individual questionnaires. The antibody prevalence of anaplasmosis, babesiosis (B. bigemina) and heartwater was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and the antibody prevalence of ECF was assessed using an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The relationship between TBD seropositivity and livestock-related variables was assessed by multivariate analyses with standard logistic regression models. The results showed that these four TBDs were present in the Union of the Comoros with a global antibody prevalence of 15% (95% CI [12.7%; 17.3%]) for anaplasmosis, 9.2% (95% CI [6.5%, 11.9%]) for B. bigemina babesiosis, 5.3% (95% CI [3.2%, 7.4%]) for ECF and 4.6% (95% CI [3.2%, 6%]) for heartwater. We compared these findings with the abundance and distribution of several tick species known to be TBD vectors and we found a significant correlation between Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and ECF, and between Amblyomma variegatum and heartwater. We also found that two major variables were significantly correlated with B. bigemina antibody prevalence (“island” and “breeding area”), four variables were significantly correlated with anaplasmosis antibody seroprevalence (“island”, “number of cattle per farmer”, “number of farmers per village” and “breeding area”), two were significantly correlated with ECF antibody prevalence (“number of farmers in village” and “presence of ticks”), and three were significantly correlated with heartwater (“island”, “number of cattle per farmer” and “number of farmers in the village”). Our findings confirmed livestock exposure to the four targeted TBDs of major concern for livestock development. Consequently, raising farmers' awareness and setting up a period of quarantine should be considered a priority.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : maladie transmissible par tiques, Theileria parva, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, Ehrlichia ruminantium, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Amblyomma variegatum, Metastigmata, facteur de risque, cowdriose, anaplasmose, babésiose, fièvre de la côte orientale

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Comores

Mots-clés libres : Seroprevalence, Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Heartwater, East Coast fever, Risk factors, Union of the Comoros

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux
L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Boucher Floriane, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (REU)
• Moutroifi Y.O., Ministère de l'agriculture, de la pêche, de l'environnement, de l'énergie, de l'industrie et de l'artisanat (Comores) (COM)
• Peba B., OVI (ZAF)
• Ali M., Ministère de l'agriculture, de la pêche, de l'environnement, de l'énergie, de l'industrie et de l'artisanat (Comores) (COM)
• Moindjie Y., Ministère de l'agriculture, de la pêche, de l'environnement, de l'énergie, de l'industrie et de l'artisanat (Comores) (COM)
• Ruget A.S., Ministère de l'agriculture, de la pêche, de l'environnement, de l'énergie, de l'industrie et de l'artisanat (Comores) (COM)
• Abdouroihamane F., Ministère de l'agriculture, de la pêche, de l'environnement, de l'énergie, de l'industrie et de l'artisanat (Comores) (COM)
• Madi Kassim A., Ministère de l'agriculture, de la pêche, de l'environnement, de l'énergie, de l'industrie et de l'artisanat (Comores) (COM)
• Soulé Miradje, Ministère de l'agriculture, de la pêche, de l'environnement, de l'énergie, de l'industrie et de l'artisanat (Comores) (COM)
• Charafouddine Onzade, Ministère de l'agriculture, de la pêche, de l'environnement, de l'énergie, de l'industrie et de l'artisanat (Comores) (COM)
• Cetre-Sossah Catherine, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (REU)
• Cardinale Eric, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (REU) ORCID: 0000-0002-3434-3541 - auteur correspondant

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/593555/)

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