Linking drought-induced xylem embolism resistance to wood anatomical traits in Neotropical trees

Levionnois Sébastien, Jansen Steven, Wandji Ruth Tchana, Beauchêne Jacques, Ziegler Camille, Coste Sabrina, Stahl Clément, Delzon Sylvain, Authier Louise, Heuret Patrick. 2021. Linking drought-induced xylem embolism resistance to wood anatomical traits in Neotropical trees. New Phytologist, 229 (3) : 1453-1466.

https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16942

Article de revue ; Article de recherche ; Article de revue à facteur d'impact

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Quartile : Outlier, Sujet : PLANT SCIENCES

Résumé : Drought‐induced xylem embolism is considered to be one of the main factors driving mortality in woody plants worldwide. Although several structure–functional mechanisms have been tested to understand the anatomical determinants of embolism resistance, there is a need to study this topic by integrating anatomical data for many species. We combined optical, laser, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate vessel diameter, vessel grouping, and pit membrane ultrastructure for 26 tropical rainforest tree species across three major clades (magnoliids, rosiids, and asteriids). We then related these anatomical observations to previously published data on drought‐induced embolism resistance, with phylogenetic analyses. Vessel diameter, vessel grouping, and pit membrane ultrastructure were all predictive of xylem embolism resistance, but with weak predictive power. While pit membrane thickness was a predictive trait when vestured pits were taken into account, the pit membrane diameter‐to‐thickness ratio suggests a strong importance of the deflection resistance of the pit membrane. However, phylogenetic analyses weakly support adaptive coevolution. Our results emphasize the functional significance of pit membranes for air‐seeding in tropical rainforest trees, highlighting also the need to study their mechanical properties due to the link between embolism resistance and pit membrane diameter‐to‐thickness ratio. Finding support for adaptive coevolution also remains challenging.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : résistance à la sécheresse, anatomie du bois, xylème, trachéide aérolée, physiologie végétale, adaptation physiologique, Microscopie électronique, région néotropicale

Mots-clés libres : Wood bordered pits, Drought-induced embolism, Pit membrane, Transmission electron microscopy

Classification Agris : H50 - Troubles divers des plantes
F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale
F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

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