The genome segments of bluetongue virus differ in copy number in a host-specific manner

Moreau Yannis, Gil Patricia, Exbrayat Antoni, Rakotoarivony Ignace, Breard Emmanuel, Sailleau Corinne, Viarouge Cyril, Zientara Stéphan, Savini Giovanni, Goffredo Maria, Mancini Giuseppe, Loire Etienne, Gutierrez Serafin. 2021. The genome segments of bluetongue virus differ in copy number in a host-specific manner. Journal of Virology, 95 (1):e01834-20, 9 p.

Quartile : Q2, Sujet : VIROLOGY

Liste HCERES des revues (en SHS) : oui

Thème(s) HCERES des revues (en SHS) : Psychologie-éthologie-ergonomie

Résumé : Genome segmentation is mainly thought to facilitate reassortment. Here, we show that segmentation can also allow differences in segment abundance in populations of bluetongue virus (BTV). BTV has a genome consisting in 10 segments, and its cycle primarily involves periodic alternation between ruminants and Culicoides biting midges. We have developed a reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) approach to quantify each segment in wild BTV populations sampled in both ruminants and midges during an epizootic. Segment frequencies deviated from equimolarity in all hosts. Interestingly, segment frequencies were reproducible and distinct between ruminants and biting midges. Beyond a putative regulatory role in virus expression, this phenomenon could lead to different evolution rates between segments. IMPORTANCE The variation in viral gene frequencies remains a largely unexplored aspect of within-host genetics. This phenomenon is often considered to be specific to multipartite viruses. Multipartite viruses have segmented genomes, but in contrast to segmented viruses, their segments are each encapsidated alone in a virion. A main hypothesis explaining the evolution of multipartism is that, compared to segmented viruses, it facilitates the regulation of segment abundancy, and the genes the segments carry, within a host. These differences in gene frequencies could allow for expression regulation. Here, we show that wild populations of a segmented virus, bluetongue virus (BTV), also present unequal segment frequencies. BTV cycles between ruminants and Culicoides biting midges. As expected from a role in expression regulation, segment frequencies tended to show specific values that differed between ruminants and midges. Our results expand previous knowledge on gene frequency variation and call for studies on its role and conservation beyond multipartite viruses.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : virus bluetongue, virus des animaux, fréquence génique, génétique animale, PCR, Culicoides, santé animale

Mots-clés libres : Bluetongue virus, Gene copy number, Virus-host interactions

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux
L10 - Génétique et amélioration des animaux

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Programme de financement européen : H2020

Auteurs et affiliations

• Moreau Yannis, INRAE (FRA)
• Gil Patricia, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-7984-7340
• Exbrayat Antoni, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA)
• Rakotoarivony Ignace, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) ORCID: 0009-0002-3480-6734
• Breard Emmanuel, ANSES (FRA)
• Sailleau Corinne, ANSES (FRA)
• Viarouge Cyril, ANSES (FRA)
• Zientara Stéphan, ANSES (FRA)
• Savini Giovanni, IZSA&M (ITA)
• Goffredo Maria, IZSA&M (ITA)
• Mancini Giuseppe, IZSA&M (ITA)
• Loire Etienne, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) - auteur correspondant
• Gutierrez Serafin, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-5277-7239 - auteur correspondant

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/597631/)

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