Towards understanding the epidemiology of Neisseria Meningitis in the African meningitis belt: a multi-disciplinary overview

Agier Lydiane, Martiny Nadège, Thiongane Oumy, Mueller Judith E., Paireau Juliette, Watkins Eleanor R., Irving Tom J., Koutangni Thibaut, Broutin Hélène. 2017. Towards understanding the epidemiology of Neisseria Meningitis in the African meningitis belt: a multi-disciplinary overview. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 54 : 103-112.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.10.032

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Quartile : Q2, Sujet : INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Liste HCERES des revues (en SHS) : oui

Thème(s) HCERES des revues (en SHS) : Psychologie-éthologie-ergonomie

Résumé : Objectives: Neisseria meningitidis is the major cause of seasonal meningitis epidemics in the African meningitis belt. In the changing context of a reduction in incidence of serogroup A and an increase in incidence of serogroups W and C and of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a better understanding of the determinants driving the disease transmission dynamics remains crucial to improving bacterial meningitis control. Methods: The literature was searched to provide a multi-disciplinary overview of the determinants of meningitis transmission dynamics in the African meningitis belt. Results: Seasonal hyperendemicity is likely predominantly caused by increased invasion rates, sporadic localized epidemics by increased transmission rates, and larger pluri-annual epidemic waves by changing population immunity. Carriage likely involves competition for colonization and cross-immunity. The duration of immunity likely depends on the acquisition type. Major risk factors include dust and low humidity, and presumably human contact rates and co-infections; social studies highlighted environmental and dietary factors, with supernatural explanations. Conclusions: Efforts should focus on implementing multi-country, longitudinal seroprevalence and epidemiological studies, validating immune markers of protection, and improving surveillance, including more systematic molecular characterizations of the bacteria. Integrating climate and social factors into disease control strategies represents a high priority for optimizing the public health response and anticipating the geographic evolution of the African meningitis belt.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : maladie de l'homme, épidémiologie, méningite, Neisseria, transmission des maladies

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Gambie, Sénégal, Guinée-Bissau, Guinée, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger, Nigéria, Cameroun, Tchad, République centrafricaine, Soudan, Soudan du Sud, Ouganda, Kenya, Éthiopie, Érythrée