Optimized cultivar deployment improves the efficiency and stability of sunflower crop production at national scale

Casadebaig Pierre, Gauffreteau Arnaud, Landré Amélia, Langlade Nicolas B., Mestries Emmanuelle, Sarron Julien, Trepos Ronan, Vincourt Vincent, Debaeke Philippe. 2022. Optimized cultivar deployment improves the efficiency and stability of sunflower crop production at national scale. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135 : 4049-4063.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04072-5

Article de revue ; Article de recherche ; Article de revue à facteur d'impact

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Résumé : Plant breeding programs design new crop cultivars which, while developed for distinct populations of environments, are nevertheless grown over large areas during their time in the market. Over its cultivation area, the crop is exposed to highly diverse stress patterns caused by climatic uncertainty and multiple management options, which often leads to decreased expected crop performance. In this study, we aim to assess how finer spatial management of genetic resources could reduce the yield variance explained by genotype × environment interactions in a set of cropping environments and ultimately improve the efficiency and stability of crop production. We used modeling and simulation to predict the crop performance resulting from the interaction between cultivar growth and development, climate and soil conditions, and management practices. We designed a computational experiment that evaluated the performance of a collection of commercial sunflower cultivars in a realistic population of cropping conditions in France, built from extensive agricultural surveys. Distinct farming locations sharing similar simulated abiotic stress patterns were clustered together to specify environment types. We then used optimization methods to search for cultivars × environments combinations leading to increased yield expectations. Results showed that a single cultivar choice adapted to the most frequent environment-type in the population is a robust strategy. However, the relevance of cultivar recommendations to specific locations was gradually increasing with the knowledge of pedo-climatic conditions. We argue that this approach while being operational on current genetic material could act synergistically with plant breeding as more diverse material could enable access to cultivars with distinctive traits, more adapted to specific conditions.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : rendement des cultures, performance de culture, production végétale, sélection de cultivars, Helianthus annuus

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : France

Classification Agris : F01 - Culture des plantes
F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

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