One Health surveillance of West Nile and Usutu viruses: A repeated cross-sectional study exploring seroprevalence and endemicity in Southern France, 2016 to 2020

Constant Orianne, Gil Patricia, Barthelemy Jonathan, Bolloré Karine, Foulongne Vincent, Desmetz Caroline, Leblond Agnès, Desjardins Isabelle, Pradier Sophie, Joulié Aurélien, Sandoz Alain, Amaral Rayane, Boisseau Michel, Rakotoarivony Ignace, Baldet Thierry, Marie Albane, Francés Benoit, Reboul Salze Florence, Tinto Bachirou, Van de Perre Philippe, Salinas Sara, Beck Cécile, Lecollinet Sylvie, Gutierrez Serafin, Simonin Yannick. 2022. One Health surveillance of West Nile and Usutu viruses: A repeated cross-sectional study exploring seroprevalence and endemicity in Southern France, 2016 to 2020. Eurosurveillance, 27 (25)

Résumé : Background: West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV), two closely related flaviviruses, mainly follow an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds, but also infect humans and other mammals. Since 2010, their epidemiological situation may have shifted from irregular epidemics to endemicity in several European regions; this requires confirmation, as it could have implications for risk assessment and surveillance strategies. Aim: To explore the seroprevalence in ani- mals and humans and potential endemicity of WNV and USUV in Southern France, given a long history of WNV outbreaks and the only severe human USUV case in France in this region. Methods: We evaluated the prevalence of WNV and USUV in a repeated cross- sectional study by serological and molecular analyses of human, dog, horse, bird and mosquito samples in the Camargue area, including the city of Montpellier, between 2016 and 2020. Results: We observed the active transmission of both viruses and higher USUV prevalence in humans, dogs, birds and mosquitoes, while WNV prevalence was higher in horses. In 500 human samples, 15 were positive for USUV and 6 for WNV. Genetic data showed that the same lineages, WNV lineage 1a and USUV lineage Africa 3, were found in mosquitoes in 2015, 2018 and 2020. Conclusion: These findings support existing literature suggesting endemisation in the study region and contribute to a better understanding of USUV and WNV circulation in Southern France. Our study underlines the importance of a One Health approach for the surveillance of these viruses.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : surveillance épidémiologique, virus du nil occidental, flavivirus, virus des animaux, transmission des maladies, endémie, morbidité

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : France

Mots-clés complémentaires : One Health, virus Usutu, séroprévalence

Mots-clés géographiques complémentaires : Camargue

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux
S50 - Santé humaine

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Constant Orianne, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA)
• Gil Patricia, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) - auteur correspondant
• Barthelemy Jonathan, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA)
• Bolloré Karine, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA)
• Foulongne Vincent, Université de Montpellier (FRA)
• Desmetz Caroline, Université de Montpellier (FRA)
• Leblond Agnès, INRAE (FRA)
• Desjardins Isabelle, Université de Lyon (FRA)
• Pradier Sophie, Jolimont veterinary clinics (FRA)
• Joulié Aurélien, Université de Toulouse (FRA)
• Sandoz Alain, Université Aix-Marseille (FRA)
• Amaral Rayane, INRAE (FRA)
• Boisseau Michel, INRAE (FRA)
• Rakotoarivony Ignace, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA)
• Baldet Thierry, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (REU) ORCID: 0000-0003-2979-9517
• Marie Albane, EID (FRA)
• Francés Benoit, EID (FRA)
• Reboul Salze Florence, Veterinary Clinic des étangs (FRA)
• Tinto Bachirou, Université de Montpellier (FRA)
• Van de Perre Philippe, Université de Montpellier (FRA)
• Salinas Sara, Université de Montpellier (FRA)
• Beck Cécile, ANSES (FRA)
• Lecollinet Sylvie, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (GLP) ORCID: 0000-0001-8535-2133
• Gutierrez Serafin, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-5277-7239 - auteur correspondant
• Simonin Yannick, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) - auteur correspondant

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/601300/)

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