Diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses: Proper use of current tools and future prospects

Desquesnes Marc, Sazmand Alireza, Gonzatti Marisa, Boulangé Alain, Bossard Géraldine, Thevenon Sophie, Gimonneau Geoffrey, Truc Philippe, Herder Stéphane, Ravel Sophie, Sereno Denis, Waleckx Etienne, Jamonneau Vincent, Jacquiet Philippe, Jittapalapong Sathaporn, Berthier David, Solano Philippe, Hébert Laurent. 2022. Diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses: Proper use of current tools and future prospects. Parasites and Vectors, 15:235, 22 p.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05352-1

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Résumé : Reliable diagnostic tools are needed to choose the appropriate treatment and proper control measures for animal trypanosomoses, some of which are pathogenic. Trypanosoma cruzi, for example, is responsible for Chagas disease in Latin America. Similarly, pathogenic animal trypanosomoses of African origin (ATAO), including a variety of Trypanosoma species and subspecies, are currently found in Africa, Latin America and Asia. ATAO limit global livestock productivity and impact food security and the welfare of domestic animals. This review focusses on implementing previously reviewed diagnostic methods, in a complex epizootiological scenario, by critically assessing diagnostic results at the individual or herd level. In most cases, a single diagnostic method applied at a given time does not unequivocally identify the various parasitological and disease statuses of a host. These include “non-infected”, “asymptomatic carrier”, “sick infected”, “cured/not cured” and/or “multi-infected”. The diversity of hosts affected by these animal trypanosomoses and their vectors (or other routes of transmission) is such that integrative, diachronic approaches are needed that combine: (i) parasite detection, (ii) DNA, RNA or antigen detection and (iii) antibody detection, along with epizootiological information. The specificity of antibody detection tests is restricted to the genus or subgenus due to cross-reactivity with other Trypanosoma spp. and Trypanosomatidae, but sensitivity is high. The DNA-based methods implemented over the last three decades have yielded higher specificity and sensitivity for active infection detection in hosts and vectors. However, no single diagnostic method can detect all active infections and/or trypanosome species or subspecies. The proposed integrative approach will improve the prevention, surveillance and monitoring of animal trypanosomoses with the available diagnostic tools. However, further developments are required to address specific gaps in diagnostic methods and the sustainable control or elimination of these diseases.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : trypanosomose, maladie des animaux, diagnostic, contrôle de maladies, surveillance épidémiologique, trypanosomose africaine, Trypanosoma cruzi, maladie de Chagas, Trypanosoma

Mots-clés libres : Integrative trypanosomosis diagnosis, Pan-trypanosome ELISA, POCD, PSR, Trypanosomosis, Trypanosome

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux
L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

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