Screening of circulation of Usutu and West Nile Viruses: A one health approach in humans, domestic animals and mosquitoes in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Tinto Bachirou, Kaboré Didier Patindé Alexandre, Samdapawindé Kagoné Thérèse, Constant Orianne, Barthelemy Jonathan, Kiba-Koumaré Alice, Van de Perre Philippe, Dabiré Roch Kounbobr, Baldet Thierry, Gutierrez Serafin, Gil Patricia, Kania Dramane, Simonin Yannick. 2022. Screening of circulation of Usutu and West Nile Viruses: A one health approach in humans, domestic animals and mosquitoes in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Microorganisms, 10 (10):2016, 13 p.

https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102016

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Résumé : Usutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are phylogenetically closely related arboviruses. These viruses mainly follow an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds, but they occasionally infect humans and other mammals, inducing neurotropic disorders. Since the discovery of USUV, only two human cases have been reported in Africa, including one in Burkina Faso in 2004. Since then, no studies have been conducted to measure the extent of the circulation of this virus in Burkina Faso, and no study regarding the circulation of WNV has been conducted. Our study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of USUV and WNV in blood donations and in animals (horses, dogs, chickens and pigeons) and to perform molecular screening in patients with febrile fever and in Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The prevalence of USUV and WNV was studied by serological (ELISA and microneutralization tests) and molecular analyses (RT-qPCR) of mosquito, dog, domestic bird, horse, and human samples in Burkina Faso between 2019 and 2021. We detected a very active transmission of both viruses in Burkina Faso. WNV and USUV seroprevalence is particularly high in humans (19.16% and 14.17%, respectively) and horses (17.28% and 6.17%). Molecular screening did not detect WNV or USUV in the mosquito or human samples tested. Our study shows an active spread of USUV and WNV in Burkina Faso, especially for WNV. This study highlights the value of developing surveillance programs to better prevent, detect, and alert people to USUV and WNV circulation in both primary and incidental hosts.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : épidémiologie, transmission des maladies, virus du nil occidental, virus des animaux, maladie transmise par vecteur, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, approche Une seule santé

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Burkina Faso

Mots-clés complémentaires : virus Usutu

Mots-clés libres : Usutu virus, WestNile virus, Humans, Domestic animals, Mosquitoes, Burkina Faso

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux
S50 - Santé humaine
L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

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