West nile, sindbis and usutu viruses: Evidence of circulation in mosquitoes and horses in Tunisia

M'ghirbi Youmna, Mousson Laurence, Moutailler Sara, Lecollinet Sylvie, Amaral Rayane, Beck Cécile, Aounallah Hajer, Amara Meriem, Chabchoub Ahmed, Rhim Adel, Failloux Anna-Bella, Bouattour Ali. 2023. West nile, sindbis and usutu viruses: Evidence of circulation in mosquitoes and horses in Tunisia. Pathogens, 12 (3), n.spéc. Current Advances in Flavivirus and Other Arboviruses:360, 17 p.

https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030360

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Résumé : Mosquito-borne diseases have a significant impact on humans and animals and this impact is exacerbated by environmental changes. However, in Tunisia, surveillance of the West Nile virus (WNV) is based solely on the surveillance of human neuroinvasive infections and no study has reported mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs), nor has there been any thorough serological investigation of anti-MBV antibodies in horses. This study therefore sought to investigate the presence of MBVs in Tunisia. Among tested mosquito pools, infections by WNV, Usutu virus (USUV), and Sindbis virus (SINV) were identified in Cx. perexiguus. The serosurvey showed that 146 of 369 surveyed horses were positive for flavivirus antibodies using the cELISA test. The microsphere immunoassay (MIA) showed that 74 of 104 flavivirus cELISA-positive horses were positive for WNV, 8 were positive for USUV, 7 were positive for undetermined flaviviruses, and 2 were positive for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Virus neutralization tests and MIA results correlated well. This study is the first to report the detection of WNV, USUV and SINV in Cx. perexiguus in Tunisia. Besides, it has shown that there is a significant circulation of WNV and USUV among horses, which is likely to cause future sporadic outbreaks. An integrated arbovirus surveillance system that includes entomological surveillance as an early alert system is of major epidemiological importance.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : surveillance épidémiologique, maladie transmise par vecteur, transmission des maladies, virus du nil occidental, virus de sindbis, Equus caballus, cheval

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Tunisie

Mots-clés complémentaires : virus Usutu, culex perexiguus

Mots-clés libres : West Nile virus, Usutu virus, Sindbis virus, Tunisia, Mosquitoes

Classification Agris : L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux
L73 - Maladies des animaux

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Agences de financement hors UE : Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Institut Pasteur, Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique

Projets sur financement : (TUN) ENVIRONmental changes and MOSquito-borne diseases: the example of West Nile

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