Identification of Umbre Orthobunyavirus as a Novel Zoonotic Virus Responsible for Lethal Encephalitis in 2 French Patients with Hypogammaglobulinemia

Pérot Philippe, Bielle Franck, Bigot Thomas, Foulongne Vincent, Bolloré Karine, Chrétien Delphine, Gil Patricia, Gutierrez Serafin, Lambert Grégory, Mokhtari Mimoun, Hellert Jean, Flamand Marie, Tamietti Carole, Coulpier Muriel, Huard de Verneuil Anne, Temmam Sarah, Couderc Thérèse, De Sousa Cunha Edouard, Boluda Susana, Plu Isabelle, Delisle Marie Bernadette, Bonneville Fabrice, Brassat David, Fieschi Claire, Malphettes Marion, Duyckaerts Charles, Mathon Bernard, Demeret Sophie, Seilhean Danielle, Eloit Marc. 2020. Identification of Umbre Orthobunyavirus as a Novel Zoonotic Virus Responsible for Lethal Encephalitis in 2 French Patients with Hypogammaglobulinemia. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 72 (10) : 1701-1708.

https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa308

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Quartile : Outlier, Sujet : INFECTIOUS DISEASES / Quartile : Q1, Sujet : IMMUNOLOGY / Quartile : Q1, Sujet : MICROBIOLOGY

Liste HCERES des revues (en SHS) : oui

Thème(s) HCERES des revues (en SHS) : Psychologie-éthologie-ergonomie

Résumé : Background: Human encephalitis represents a medical challenge from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. We investigated the cause of 2 fatal cases of encephalitis of unknown origin in immunocompromised patients. Methods: Untargeted metatranscriptomics was applied on the brain tissue of 2 patients to search for pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or protozoans) without a prior hypothesis. Results: Umbre arbovirus, an orthobunyavirus never previously identified in humans, was found in 2 patients. In situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that Umbre virus infected neurons and replicated at high titers. The virus was not detected in cerebrospinal fluid by RT-qPCR. Viral sequences related to Koongol virus, another orthobunyavirus close to Umbre virus, were found in Culex pipiens mosquitoes captured in the south of France where the patients had spent some time before the onset of symptoms, demonstrating the presence of the same clade of arboviruses in Europe and their potential public health impact. A serological survey conducted in the same area did not identify individuals positive for Umbre virus. The absence of seropositivity in the population may not reflect the actual risk of disease transmission in immunocompromised individuals. Conclusions: Umbre arbovirus can cause encephalitis in immunocompromised humans and is present in Europe.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Orthobunyavirus, transmission des maladies, encéphalite, identification, genre humain, Culex pipiens, hypogammaglobulinémie, champignon pathogène, santé publique, Culicidae, arbovirus, sérologie, virus