Interventions to change antimicrobial use in livestock: A scoping review and an impact pathway analysis of what works, how, for whom and why

Guenin Marie Jeanne, Studnitz Merete, Molia Sophie. 2023. Interventions to change antimicrobial use in livestock: A scoping review and an impact pathway analysis of what works, how, for whom and why. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 220:106025, 10 p.

Résumé : Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat responsible for 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. Antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock contributes to AMR in animal and public health. Therefore, it is essential to implement effective interventions towards better AMU in livestock. However, there is a lack of evidence to inform decision-makers of what works, how, for whom and why and how effective interventions can be adapted to different contexts. We conducted a scoping review and an impact pathway analysis to systematically map the research done in this area and to inform evidence-based and context-appropriate policies. We followed the PRISMA-ScR requirements and searched Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies in English or French languages, in open access and published between 2000 and 2022. We selected thirty references addressing twenty-eight different interventions that were successful in changing AMU in livestock. We used an impact pathway logic model as an analytic framework to guide the technical aspects of the scoping review process and to identify the complex relationships between outputs, outcomes, impacts and contextual factors. A majority of interventions managed to improve AMU by changing herd and health management practices (ni=18). We identified intermediate outcomes including change in the veterinarian-farmer relationship (ni=7), in knowledge and perception (ni=6), and in motivation and confidence (ni=1). Twenty-two studies recorded positive impacts on animal health and welfare (ni=11), technical performances (ni=9), economic performances (ni=4) and AMR reduction (ni=4). Interventions implemented different strategies including herd and health management support (ni=20), norms and standards (ni=11), informational and educational measures (ni=10), economic support (ni=5). Studies were mainly in European countries and in pig and large ruminants farming. Most interventions targeted farmers or veterinarians but we identified other major and influential actors including authority and governmental organizations, academics and research, organization of producers or veterinarians, herd advisors and technicians, laboratories, and public opinion. Key success factors were knowledge and perception (ni=14), social factors (ni=13), intervention characteristics (ni=11), trajectory and ecosystem of change (ni=11), economic factors (ni=9), herd and health status (ni=8), data access and monitoring (ni=4). This review describes a paucity of impact assessment of interventions towards better AMU in livestock. There is no one-size-fits-all transition pathway but we inform decision-makers about the most successful interventions that work, how, for whom and why. The impact pathway analysis provided a holistic view of the successful change processes and the complex relationships between outputs, outcomes, impacts and contexts.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : santé animale, résistance aux antimicrobiens, santé publique, élevage, bétail

Mots-clés libres : Antibiotic use, Antibiotic resistance, Animal health, Behavioral change, Transition pathway, Impact assessment

Classification Agris : L75 - Pharmacologie et toxicologie
U70 - Sciences humaines et sociales

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Programme de financement européen : H2020

Projets sur financement : (EU) Rethinking Of Antimicrobial Decision-systems in the Management of Animal Production

Auteurs et affiliations

• Guenin Marie Jeanne, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (GLP) - auteur correspondant
• Studnitz Merete, International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems (DNK)
• Molia Sophie, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/606544/)

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