Description of the cattle and small ruminants trade network in Senegal and implication for the surveillance of animal diseases

Ciss Mamadou, Giacomini Alessandra, Diouf Mame Nahé, Delabouglise Alexis, Mesdour Asma, Garcia Garcia Katherin, Munoz Facundo, Cardinale Eric, Lo Mbargou, Gaye Adji Mareme, Fall Mathioro, Ndiaye Khady, Gueye Fall Assane, Cetre-Sossah Catherine, Apolloni Andrea. 2023. Description of the cattle and small ruminants trade network in Senegal and implication for the surveillance of animal diseases. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2023:1880493, 13 p.

Résumé : Livestock mobility, particularly that of small and large ruminants, is one of the main pillars of production and trade in West Africa: livestock is moved around in search of better grazing or sold in markets for domestic consumption and for festival-related activities. These movements cover several thousand kilometers and have the capability of connecting the whole West African region, thus facilitating the diffusion of many animal and zoonotic diseases. Several factors shape mobility patterns even in normal years and surveillance systems need to account for such changes. In this paper, we present an approach based on temporal network theory to identify possible sentinel locations, i.e., locations where pathogens circulation can be detected in the early phase of the epidemic (before the peak), using two indicators: vulnerability (i.e., the probability of being reached by the disease) and time of infection (i.e., the time of first arrival of the disease). Using these indicators in our structural analysis of the changing network enabled us to identify a set of nodes that could be used in an early warning system. As a case study, we simulated the introduction of transboundary animal diseases in Senegal and used data taken from 2020 Sanitary certificates (laissez-passer sanitaire (LPS)) issued by the Senegalese Veterinary Services to reconstruct the national mobility network. Our analysis showed that a static approach can significantly overestimate the speed and the extent of disease propagation, whereas temporal analysis revealed that the reachability and vulnerability of the different administrative departments (used as nodes of the mobility network) change over the course of the year. For this reason, several sets of sentinel nodes were identified in different periods of the year, underlining the role of temporality in shaping patterns of disease diffusion.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : surveillance épidémiologique, petits ruminants, bovin, contrôle de maladies, bétail, marché, transport d'animaux, analyse du risque, distribution géographique

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Sénégal, Mali, Afrique occidentale, Mauritanie, Guinée-Bissau, Sahel

Mots-clés libres : Network analysis, Senegal, Epidemiological surveillance, Small ruminant

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Agences de financement hors UE : Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers

Projets sur financement : (EU) ECO-PPR, (FRA) EBO-SURSY

Auteurs et affiliations

• Ciss Mamadou, ISRA (SEN)
• Giacomini Alessandra, University of Wales Swansea (GBR) - auteur correspondant
• Diouf Mame Nahé, ISRA (SEN)
• Delabouglise Alexis, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-5837-7052
• Mesdour Asma, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA)
• Garcia Garcia Katherin, Université de Montpellier (FRA)
• Munoz Facundo, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-5061-4241
• Cardinale Eric, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-3434-3541
• Lo Mbargou, DSV Dakar (SEN)
• Gaye Adji Mareme, DSV Dakar (SEN)
• Fall Mathioro, DSV Dakar (SEN)
• Ndiaye Khady, DSV Dakar (SEN)
• Gueye Fall Assane, ISRA (SEN)
• Cetre-Sossah Catherine, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA)
• Apolloni Andrea, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-0228-2086

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/606669/)

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