Potential of silicon-rich biochar (Sichar) amendment to control crop pests and pathogens in agroecosystems: A review

Ratnadass Alain, Lopez Llandres Ana, Goebel François-Régis, Husson Olivier, Jean Janine, Napoli Alfredo, Sester Mathilde, Joseph Stephen. 2024. Potential of silicon-rich biochar (Sichar) amendment to control crop pests and pathogens in agroecosystems: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 910:168545, 19 p.

Résumé : We reviewed the potential of silicon (Si)-rich biochars (sichars) as crop amendments for pest and pathogen control. The main pathosystems that emerged from our systematic literature search were bacterial wilt on solanaceous crops (mainly tomato, pepper, tobacco and eggplant), piercing-sucking hemipteran pests and soil-borne fungi on gramineous crops (mainly rice and wheat), and parasitic nematodes on other crops. The major pest and pathogen mitigation pathways identified were: i) Si-based physical barriers; ii) Induction of plant defenses; iii) Enhancement of plant-beneficial/pathogen-antagonistic soil microflora in the case of root nematodes; iv) Alteration of soil physical-chemical properties resulting in Eh-pH conditions unfavorable to root nematodes; v) Alteration of soil physical-chemical properties resulting in Eh-pH, bulk density and/or water holding capacity favorable to plant growth and resulting tolerance to necrotrophic pathogens; vi) Increased Si uptake resulting in reduced plant quality, owing to reduced nitrogen intake towards some hemi-biotrophic pests or pathogens. Our review highlighted synergies between pathways and tradeoffs between others, depending, inter alia, on: i) crop type (notably whether Si-accumulating or not); ii) pest/pathogen type (e.g. below-ground/root-damaging vs above-ground/aerial part-damaging; “biotrophic” vs “necrotrophic” sensu lato, and corresponding systemic resistance pathways; thriving Eh-pH spectrum; etc.); iii) soil type. Our review also stressed the need for further research on: i) the contribution of Si and other physical-chemical characteristics of biochars (including potential antagonistic effects); ii) the pyrolysis process to a) optimize Si availability in the soil and its uptake by the crop and b) to minimize formation of harmful compounds e.g. cristobalite; iii) on the optimal form of biochar, e.g. Si-nano particles on the surface of the biochar, micron-sized biochar-based compound fertilizer vs larger biochar porous matrices.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : agroécosystème, ravageur des plantes, propriété physicochimique du sol, champignon transmis par le sol, systèmes agroforestiers, lutte antiravageur, protection des plantes, flore microbienne

Mots-clés libres : Pyrolyse, Potentiel redox, Sorption, Barrières physiques, Résistances induites, Assimilation de silice, Propriétés physico-chimiques du sol, Microbiote bénéfique du sol

Classification Agris : H01 - Protection des végétaux - Considérations générales
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Auteurs et affiliations

• Ratnadass Alain, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (REU) ORCID: 0000-0002-8873-5671 - auteur correspondant
• Lopez Llandres Ana, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (BEN) ORCID: 0000-0001-9940-9583
• Goebel François-Régis, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-5438-1078
• Husson Olivier, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-9587-5819
• Jean Janine, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA) ORCID: 0009-0006-5220-0882
• Napoli Alfredo, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR BioWooEB (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0002-1559-3975
• Sester Mathilde, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (KHM) ORCID: 0000-0002-2329-9119
• Joseph Stephen, Nanjing Agricultural University (CHN)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/607202/)

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