Steinernema yirgalemense (Steinernematidae) to control Phlyctinus callosus and Phlyctinus xerophilus (Curculionidae)

Hansen Steffan, Malan Antoinette P., Haran Julien, Dunn Murray D., Addison Pia. 2024. Steinernema yirgalemense (Steinernematidae) to control Phlyctinus callosus and Phlyctinus xerophilus (Curculionidae). Nematology, 16 p.

Résumé : Considerable progress has been made in the surveying, taxonomy, screening, mass production and formulation of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and their associated symbiotic bacteria in South Africa. Steinernema yirgalemense isolate 157-C is one of the most promising native EPN candidates with regards to virulence, its broad insect-host spectrum, and can be readily mass-produced and formulated into a commercial product. The banded fruit weevils, Phlyctinus callosus sensu stricto and Phlyctinus xerophilus, previously grouped together under the Phlyctinus callosus sensu lato species concept, are native entimine weevils of economic importance to deciduous fruit, grapevine and berries in the Western Cape province of South Africa. This study investigated potential differences in baseline susceptibility of larvae and pupae of the two weevil species to S. yirgalemense in laboratory screenings. The test arena used was 24-well bioassay plates, with an inoculation concentration of 200 infective juveniles (IJ) insect−1 for larvae and 100 IJ insect−1 for pupae. Infection was determined 48 h and 96 h after inoculation. Field-efficacy of S. yirgalemense, applied at a concentration of 60 IJ cm−2, against larvae of the two weevil species was determined in an ecologically relevant semi-field trial. In all cases in vitro mass-produced IJ of S. yirgalemense were used. No baseline differential susceptibility between P. callosus and P. xerophilus larvae was obtained in laboratory screenings. Phlyctinus pupae were approximately twice as susceptible compared to larvae, with significant differences between bioassay batches. Approximately 45% control of P. xerophilus larvae was obtained after 96 h of exposure to S. yirgalemense in the field, differing significantly from the control and P. callosus treatment. Low levels of Phlyctinus larval infection by native EPN (confirmed as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora from one P. xerophilus cadaver) occurred in both control and EPN treatment groups under field conditions.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : agent de lutte biologique, lutte anti-insecte, nématode entomopathogène, lutte biologique, lutte antiravageur, Curculionidae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema, Steinernematidae

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Afrique du Sud

Mots-clés complémentaires : Steinernema yirgalemense, Phlyctinus callosus, Phlyctinus xerophilus

Mots-clés libres : Entomopathogenic nematodes, Laboratory screening, Semi-field trial, Weevil

Classification Agris : H10 - Ravageurs des plantes
H01 - Protection des végétaux - Considérations générales

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Agences de financement hors UE : Hortgro Science, South African Table Grape Industry

Auteurs et affiliations

• Hansen Steffan, Stellenbosch University (ZAF) - auteur correspondant
• Malan Antoinette P., Stellenbosch University (ZAF)
• Haran Julien, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR CBGP (FRA)
• Dunn Murray D., Stellenbosch University (ZAF)
• Addison Pia, Stellenbosch University (ZAF)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/607791/)

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