Seroprevalence and renal carriage of pathogenic Leptospira in livestock in Cotonou, Benin

Her Rebecca, Crespin Laurent, Etougbétché Jonas, Groud Karine, Gnolonfoun Mathias, Chapron Audrey, Evenamia Gualbert, Houéménou Gualbert, Lurier Thibaut, Cappelle Julien, Dobigny Gauthier, Ayral Florence. 2024. Seroprevalence and renal carriage of pathogenic Leptospira in livestock in Cotonou, Benin. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 10 (3):e1430, 11 p.

https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1430

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Résumé : Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease. It is particularly prevalent in tropical countries and has major consequences for human and animal health. In Benin, the disease's epidemiology remains poorly understood, especially in livestock, for which data are lacking. Objectives: To characterise Leptospira seroprevalence and locally circulating serogroups in livestock from Cotonou and to estimate the prevalence of Leptospira renal carriage in cattle. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in February 2020 during which livestock were sampled at an abattoir and in an impoverished city district. We analysed blood samples from 279 livestock animals (i.e. cattle, sheep, goats and pigs) using the microscopic agglutination test. Additionally, samples of renal tissue from 100 cattle underwent 16s rRNA (rrs) real-time PCR analysis. Results: For the 131 cattle, 85 sheep, and 50 goats tested, seroprevalence was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI] [12%, 26%]), 9% (95% CI [4%, 17%] and 2% (95% CI [0%, 9%]), respectively, and most of the seropositive animals were associated with 1:100 titres. All 13 pigs were seronegative. Leptospira DNA was found in the renal tissue of 10% (95% CI [5%, 18%]) of the cattle tested (n = 100). Leptospira borgpetersenii was the main species present (n = 7), but Leptospira interrogans (n = 2) and Leptospira kirschneri (n = 1) were also detected. Various serogroups (Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Australis and Autumnalis) were detected using microscopic agglutination test without a clear predominance of any of them. Conclusions: These results suggest that abattoir workers and people living in close contact with livestock in poor urban areas are exposed to the risk of Leptospira infection.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : leptospirose, épidémiologie, ovin, Leptospira, bovin, zoonose, caprin, transmission des maladies, bétail, porcin, santé animale, maladie de l'homme, Enquête pathologique, animal sauvage

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Bénin

Mots-clés libres : Abattoir, Akaike's information criterion, Leptospirosis, Microscopic agglutination test, PCR, Slum, West Africa, Zoonosis

Agences de financement hors UE : VetAgro Sup, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

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