Multi-trait association mapping for phosphorous efficiency reveals flexible root architectures in sorghum

Hufnagel Maciel Bárbara, Bernardino Karine C., Malosetti Marcos, Sousa Sylvia M., Silva Lidianne A., Guimaraes Claudia Teixeira, Coelho Antônio Marcos, Santos Thiago Teixeira, Viana Joao H., Schaffert Robert E., Kochian Leon V., Eeuwijk Fred A., Magalhaes Jurandir V.. 2024. Multi-trait association mapping for phosphorous efficiency reveals flexible root architectures in sorghum. BMC Plant Biology, 24:562, 18 p.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05183-5

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Résumé : Background: On tropical regions, phosphorus (P) fixation onto aluminum and iron oxides in soil clays restricts P diffusion from the soil to the root surface, limiting crop yields. While increased root surface area favors P uptake under low-P availability, the relationship between the three-dimensional arrangement of the root system and P efficiency remains elusive. Here, we simultaneously assessed allelic effects of loci associated with a variety of root and P efficiency traits, in addition to grain yield under low-P availability, using multi-trait genome-wide association. We also set out to establish the relationship between root architectural traits assessed in hydroponics and in a low-P soil. Our goal was to better understand the influence of root morphology and architecture in sorghum performance under low-P availability. Result: In general, the same alleles of associated SNPs increased root and P efficiency traits including grain yield in a low-P soil. We found that sorghum P efficiency relies on pleiotropic loci affecting root traits, which enhance grain yield under low-P availability. Root systems with enhanced surface area stemming from lateral root proliferation mostly up to 40 cm soil depth are important for sorghum adaptation to low-P soils, indicating that differences in root morphology leading to enhanced P uptake occur exactly in the soil layer where P is found at the highest concentration. Conclusion: Integrated QTLs detected in different mapping populations now provide a comprehensive molecular genetic framework for P efficiency studies in sorghum. This indicated extensive conservation of P efficiency QTL across populations and emphasized the terminal portion of chromosome 3 as an important region for P efficiency in sorghum. Increases in root surface area via enhancement of lateral root development is a relevant trait for sorghum low-P soil adaptation, impacting the overall architecture of the sorghum root system. In turn, particularly concerning the critical trait for water and nutrient uptake, root surface area, root system development in deeper soil layers does not occur at the expense of shallow rooting, which may be a key reason leading to the distinctive sorghum adaptation to tropical soils with multiple abiotic stresses including low P availability and drought.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : système racinaire, locus des caractères quantitatifs, carte génétique, sol tropical, rendement des cultures, racine, sorgho en grain, phénotype, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum, morphologie végétale, anatomie végétale

Mots-clés libres : Phosphorus stress, Phosphorus acquisition efficiency, Root morphology, Root architecture, GWAS

Classification Agris : F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes
F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 2 (2019-) - Transitions agroécologiques

Agences de financement hors UE : Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária

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