Mosquito dynamics and their drivers in peri-urban Antananarivo, Madagascar: Insights from a longitudinal multi-host single-site survey

Tantely Luciano Michaël, Guis Hélène, Raharinirina Manou Rominah, Ambinintsoa Maminirina Fidelis, Randriananjantenaina Iavonirina, Velonirina Haja Johnson, Révillion Christophe, Herbreteau Vincent, Tran Annelise, Girod Romain. 2024. Mosquito dynamics and their drivers in peri-urban Antananarivo, Madagascar: Insights from a longitudinal multi-host single-site survey. Parasites and Vectors, 17:383, 15 p.

Résumé : Background: Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar, is experiencing a steady increase in population growth. Due to the abundance of mosquito vectors in this locality, the population exposed to mosquito-borne diseases is therefore also increasing, as is the risk of epidemic episodes. The aim of the present study was to assess, in a resource-limited setting, the information on mosquito population dynamics and disease transmission risk that can be provided through a longitudinal entomological study carried out in a multi-host single site. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected every 15 days over 16 months (from January 2017 to April 2018) using six CDC-light traps in a peri-urban area of Antananarivo. Multivariable generalised linear models were developed using indoor and outdoor densities of the predominant mosquito species as response variables and moon illumination, environmental data and climatic data as the explanatory variables. Results: Overall, 46,737 mosquitoes belonging to at least 20 species were collected, of which Culex antennatus (68.9%), Culex quinquefasciatus (19.8%), Culex poicilipes (3.7%) and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (2.3%) were the most abundant species. Mosquito densities were observed to be driven by moon illumination and climatic factors interacting at different lag periods. The outdoor models demonstrated biweekly and seasonal patterns of mosquito densities, while the indoor models demonstrated only a seasonal pattern. Conclusions: An important diversity of mosquitoes exists in the peri-urban area of Antananarivo. Some well-known vector species, such as Cx. antennatus, a major vector of West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift-Valley fever virus (RVFV), Cx. quinquefasciatus, a major vector of WNV, Cx. poicilipes, a candidate vector of RVFV and An. gambiae sensu lato, a major vector of Plasmodium spp., are abundant. Importantly, these four mosquito species are present all year round, even though their abundance declines during the cold dry season, with the exception of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The main drivers of their abundance were found to be temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, as well as—for outdoor abundance only—moon illumination. Identifying these drivers is a first step towards the development of pathogen transmission models (R0 models), which are key to inform public health stakeholders on the periods of most risk for vector-borne diseases.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : dynamique des populations, vecteur de maladie, Anopheles gambiae, transmission des maladies, Culex quinquefasciatus, facteur climatique, facteur du milieu, température, modèle mathématique, Culicoides

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Madagascar

Mots-clés libres : Mosquito dynamics, Model, Madagascar, Culex antennatus, Culex quinquefasciatus

Classification Agris : L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Agences de financement européennes : European Regional Development Fund

Agences de financement hors UE : Institut Pasteur de Madagascar

Projets sur financement : (EU) INTERREG FEDER TROI 2015–2021

Auteurs et affiliations

• Tantely Luciano Michaël, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG) - auteur correspondant
• Guis Hélène, CIRAD-BIOS-UMR ASTRE (FRA)
• Raharinirina Manou Rominah, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Ambinintsoa Maminirina Fidelis, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Randriananjantenaina Iavonirina, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Velonirina Haja Johnson, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)
• Révillion Christophe, Université de la Réunion (REU)
• Herbreteau Vincent, IRD (FRA)
• Tran Annelise, CIRAD-ES-UMR TETIS (FRA) ORCID: 0000-0001-5463-332X
• Girod Romain, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (MDG)

Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/610331/)

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