Contrasted agronomical and physiological responses of five Coffea arabica genotypes under soil water deficit in field conditions

Sarzynski Thuan, Vaast Philippe, Rigal Clément, Marraccini Pierre, Delahaie Boris, Georget Frederic, Nguyen Chang Thi Quynh, Nguyen Hung Phi, Nguyen Hai Thi Thanh, Ngoc Quyen Luu, Ngan Giang Khong, Bossolasco Laurent, Etienne Hervé. 2024. Contrasted agronomical and physiological responses of five Coffea arabica genotypes under soil water deficit in field conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 15 p.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1443900

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Résumé : Introduction: Breeding programs have developed high-yielding Coffea arabica F1-hybrids as an adaptation against adverse conditions associated with climate change. However, theresponse to drought of coffee F1 hybrids has seldom been assessed. Methods: A trial was established with five C. arabica genotypes (2 pure lines: Catimor and Marsellesa and 3 F1 hybrids: Starmaya, Centroamericano and Mundo Maya) planted under the leguminous tree species Leuceana leucocephala. Coffee growth, yield and physiological responses were assessed under a rain-fed (control: CON) and a rainfall reduction treatment (RR) for 2 years. Results: The RR treatment created a long-term rainfall deficit in a region with suboptimal temperature similar to those predicted by climate change scenarios. Moreover, the RR treatment reduced soil water content by 14% over 2 successive years of production and increased hydric stress of the three F1-hybrids (leaf water potentials averaged -0.8 MPa under RR compared with -0.4 MPa under CON). Under RR, coffee yields were reduced from 16 to 75% compared to CON. Mundo Maya F1 hybrid was the sole high-yielding genotype apable of sustaining its yield under RR conditions. Our results suggested that its significant increase in fine root density (CON = 300 and RR = 910 root.m-2) and its maintenance of photosynthetic rate (2.5 – 3.5 mmol CO2 m-2 s-1) at high evaporative demand might explain why this genotype maintained high yield under RR condition. Discussion: This work highlights a possible drought tolerance mechanism in fruit bearing adult coffee trees where the plant fine root number increases to intake more water in order to preserve turgor and sustainphotosynthesis at high ETo and therefore conserves high yield in dry conditions.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : Coffea arabica, adaptation aux changements climatiques, résistance à la sécheresse, changement climatique, déficit d'humidité du sol, tolérance à la sécheresse, adaptation physiologique, amélioration des plantes, génotype, physiologie végétale, Coffea, stress dû à la sécheresse, agroécosystème, photosynthèse