Aboua Degbedji, Gérardeaux Edward, Debaeke Philippe, Boulakia Stéphane, Sêkloka Emmanuel.
2024. What kind of cotton ideotype is adapted to agroecological cropping systems and climate change in Benin.
In : World Cotton Research Conference-8, Book of Abstracts. Abdurakhmonov Ibrokhim (ed.), Yu John (ed.), Kranthi Keshav (ed.). ICAC, ICRA
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Résumé : Background: Faced with the degradation of soil fertility and climate change in Benin, agroecological cropping systems are being recognized as an alternative for ensuring the sustainability of cotton production. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the relative contribution of plant traits driving the G by E by M interactions for cotton yield as measured during field experiments and to explain the results using CSM-CROPGRO-cotton model from Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), (ii) to identify morpho-physiological traits for yield enhancement in agroecological cropping systems and (iii) to identify the optimum combinations of different cultivar parameters used in the CSM under current and future weather conditions. The experimental study, conducted from 2020 to 2023, in two sites (Savalou and Soaodou) compared four cropping systems with cowpea/maize//cotton rotation, namely Plough based Tillage (PT), PT with Incorporation of biomass (PTI), Conservation Agriculture with Strip Tillage (CA_ST) and CA with No Tillage (CA_NT). Six different cultivars from the world's major cotton-growing regions were compared as subplots in every cropping system. Results: The cultivars Tamcot_camde in north Benin, and Okp768 in central zone resulted in higher yields in the agroecological cropping systems. High seed mass, large and thick leaves combined with a higher rate of photosynthesis and late leaf expansion are the traits of cultivars best suited to agroecological cropping systems. Cultivars and news ideotypes combining these traits benefit from the enhanced nitrogen availability and soil moisture status of CA systems, contributing to nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency. Under the baseline (2003-2023) and for the future under different climatic scenario by 2050 the new ideotypes improve the seed cotton yield of the control cultivars currently grown in Benin, 189% for Ang956 and ranging 3.2 to 10% for Okp768. Conclusion: A good seedling and vegetative vigour that cultivars can have through morpho-physiological traits is necessary to ensure a good seed cotton yield in agroecological cropping systems. These results provide useful traits and scientific evidence for breeders and cropping systems research programs focused of the adaptation of cotton to climate change.
Mots-clés libres : Tillage, Agroecological practices, Water status, Gossypium hirsutum, Cover crop, Nitrogen, CSM-CROPGRO-cotton
Auteurs et affiliations
- Aboua Degbedji, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA)
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Gérardeaux Edward, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA)
ORCID: 0000-0003-1487-4887
- Debaeke Philippe, INRAE (FRA)
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Boulakia Stéphane, CIRAD-PERSYST-UPR AIDA (FRA)
ORCID: 0000-0003-4331-1207
- Sêkloka Emmanuel, IRC (BEN)
Source : Cirad-Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/611097/)
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