Ticks as vectors of Trypanosomatidae with medical or veterinary interest: Insights and implications from a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Kernif Tahar, Medrouh Bachir, Eddaikra Naouel, Oury Bruno, Holzmuller Philippe, Sereno Denis. 2024. Ticks as vectors of Trypanosomatidae with medical or veterinary interest: Insights and implications from a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon, 10 (24):e40895, 31 p.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40895

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Résumé : Since the 20th century, numerous studies have detected or isolated parasites from the Trypanosomatidae family in various tick species. However, the status of ticks as vectors for medically or veterinary significant Trypanosoma and Leishmania remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide new insights into the potential vector status of these pathogens, which have significant medical and veterinary implications. We searched three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) from 1912 to June 30, 2023, resulting in 94 papers included in the qualitative analysis and 86 papers in the quantitative analysis. All identified field studies were conducted in endemic areas and investigated the presence of Trypanosoma and Leishmania parasites, DNA, or antigens in ticks. We recorded a pooled prevalence of Trypanosomatidae detection in ticks at 15.48 % [7.99–24.61 %], with significant variations depending on the year, detection method, and geographical area. Most of the infected tick species belonged to the genera Amblyomma, Hyalomma, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus. Experimental laboratory work on transmission routes demonstrated potential vector competence in both the Argasidae and Ixodidae tick families. Although our systematic review and meta-analysis provide compelling evidence of the natural infection of ticks by Trypanosomatidae parasites, along with some evidence of non-traditional transmission routes, they do not offer conclusive evidence regarding the role of ticks as biological or mechanical vectors for Trypanosomatidae species of veterinary and medical interest. This highlights the urgent need for additional investigations to address this point.

Mots-clés Agrovoc : vecteur de maladie, Argasidae, transmission des maladies, Ixodidae, Trypanosoma, Leishmania, immunologie, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma evansi, épidémiologie, maladie de l'homme, Rhipicephalus, maladie des animaux, parasite, biologie moléculaire, maladie transmise par vecteur, Metastigmata

Mots-clés complémentaires : Trypanosomatidae

Mots-clés libres : Trypanosomatidae, Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Ticks, Ixodidae, Argasidae, Vector borne disease

Classification Agris : L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux
L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales

Champ stratégique Cirad : CTS 4 (2019-) - Santé des plantes, des animaux et des écosystèmes

Agences de financement européennes : European Commission

Programme de financement européen : H2020

Projets sur financement : (EU) A multi-disciplinary international effort to identify clinical, molecular and social factors impacting cutaneous leishmaniasis

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