Study on the role of the sylvatic cycle of African swine fever in Senegal

Jori Ferran, Vial Laurence, Etter Eric, Akakpo A.J., Perez R., Blanco Esther, Roger François. 2009. Study on the role of the sylvatic cycle of African swine fever in Senegal. In : 12th International Symposia on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE), Durban, South Africa, August 10-14, 2009. s.l. : s.n., Résumé, 1 p. International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics. 12, Durban, Afrique du Sud, 10 Août 2009/14 Août 2009.

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Résumé : It is generally believed that African swine fever (ASF) virus in Sub-Saharan Africa is maintained in nature by warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) and soft ticks from the genus Ornithodoros (Penrith et al., 2004). In Senegal, warthogs are present in some nature reserves and the presence of an argasid tick (O. sonrai) has been described (Vial et al., 2007). In order to verify the presence of such a sylvatic cycle in Senegal, 74 warthog sera from different locations were analysed for ASF antibodies by Blocking Elisa and Algenex anti rp-30 ELISA. Moreover, 48 warthog burrows were inspected in the Sine Saloum National Park. Equally, 132 sera from free-ranging pigs reared in central and South Senegal and 74 warthogs sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against Ornithodoros erraticus (Canals et al, 1990). All the warthog sera were negative against ASF antibodies and anti-tick antibodies. Equally, no presence of soft ticks were detected in the 48 warthog burrows inspected despite O. sonrai was found in neighbouring rodent burrows. Among the 132 pig sera tested against tick antibodies, 8.5% (n=12) showed positive titres. There was a strong correlation between the later sera and those sampled in the area of distribution of O. sonrai (OR=7.1; p="0.028)." In addition, among those sera, 36% (n=4) showed also positive titres to ASF virus. The absence of antibodies against ASF in warthog sera confirms the lack of circulation of ASFV among warthog populations in Senegal, even in areas where the tick is present. The absence of antibodies against soft ticks in warthogs from different regions confirms that contacts between warthogs and O. sonrai are inexistent. The detection of antibodies against O. sonrai in pig sera confirms that contacts between both species occur. Moreover, it seems to confirm that O. sonrai and O. erraticus are antigenically related and that this diagnostic method could be useful to determine the distribution of O. sonrai in Senegal and other countries. Finally, these results prove the absence of warthog involvement in the cycle of ASF virus and confirm a potential role of O. sonrai as a reservoir host for the virus in Senegal. (Texte intégral)

Mots-clés Agrovoc : virus peste porcine africaine, peste porcine africaine, Suidae, Ornithodoros

Mots-clés géographiques Agrovoc : Sénégal

Mots-clés complémentaires : Phacochère, Ornithodoros sonrai

Classification Agris : L73 - Maladies des animaux

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