Technology generation and transfer using the community approach in West Asia and North Africa: the ICARDA experience

Nefzaoui Ali, El Mourid Mohamed, Alary Véronique. 2014. Technology generation and transfer using the community approach in West Asia and North Africa: the ICARDA experience. In : Technology creation and transfer in small ruminants: roles of research, development services and farmer associations. M. Chentouf, A. Lopez-Francos, M. Bengoumi, D. Gabina (eds.). Zaragoza : CIHEAM / INRAM / FAO, 313-325. (Options Méditerranéennes. Série A: Mediterranean Seminars, 108) ISBN 2-85352-525-2 International Seminar on the FAO-CIHEAM Network on Sheep and Goats Sub-Network on Production Systems. 8, Tanger, Maroc, 11 Juin 2013/13 Juin 2013.

Titre français : Utilisation de l'approche communautaire pour la production et le transfert de technologies dans les pays d'Asie de l'Ouest et de l'Afrique du Nord : l'expérience de l'ICARDA

Résumé : Problems faced by rural populations living in poor-resource areas of West Asia and North Africa cannot be solved by technology alone or by a unique formula. They will likely worsen with increasing popu-lation demands unless significant policy and institutional changes occur. Using achievements of the ICARDA, a long-term research for development project implemented in 8 countries of West Asia (Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon) and North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), namely Mashreq/Maghreb project, tools and methodologies have been developed to improve the common linear approach of technology gen-eration and transfer. The improved approach, commonly called participatory community approach, evolved from a technology component testing program to one of integrated adaptive research that addresses issues from a technical, socioeconomic, cultural, institutional and policy perspective, and that produces technical, institutional and policy options (TIPOS) for the communities in dry areas. The evolution is also from a top-down perspective to a more bottom-up approach. This innovation is characterized by: (i) testing and evalu-ating combinations (or packages) of associated technologies at the community level, involving the local insti-tutions as well as farm households; (ii) a resource based rather than a commodity based approach imple-mented in a multidisciplinary and inter-institutional context; (iii) utilizing community modeling in order to iden-tify solutions that take account of the behavior of the community and how it manages its resources; (iv) strengthening decentralization by transferring the decision making power to local actors; and (v) farmers of the community are involved in monitoring the performance of technology and its adoption. Among key les-sons learned from this initiative is the ability of communities to identify appropriate solutions, to solve inter-nai conflicts particularly relating to property rights and land use, additional-income generating activities. The success and the sustainability of the process depend on the promotion of elected community-based organi-zations that play a key interface role between communities and other actors (government agencies and deci-sion makers, non-govemmental agencies, donors, and other communities).

Classification Agris : E14 - Économie et politique du développement
U30 - Méthodes de recherche

Auteurs et affiliations

• Nefzaoui Ali, ICARDA (TUN)
• El Mourid Mohamed, ICARDA (TUN)
• Alary Véronique, CIRAD-ES-UMR SELMET (EGY) ORCID: 0000-0003-4844-5423

Source : Cirad - Agritrop (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/574839/)

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